GodlikefabulousAchilles，andtheoldGreekKingsofmen，oneperceives，afterstudy，tobedimenoughGrazierSovereigns，’livingamonginfinitedung，’tilltheirsacredPoetextricatedthem。AndourUNsacredall—desecratingDryasdust，——HerrDoctor，I
mustsay，itfillsmewithdespair！AuthentichumanHeroisms，notfabulousawhit，buttruetothebone，andbyallappearanceverymuchnoblerthanthoseofgodlikeAchillesandpiousAEneasevercouldhavebeen，——leftinthismanner，troddenunderfootofmanandbeast；manandbeastalikeinsensiblethatthereisanythingbutcommonmudunderfoot，andgratefultoanybodythatwillassurethemthereisnothing。Oh，Doctor，oh，Doctor！Andtheresultsofit——Youneednotgoexclusively’toFrance’tolookatthem。
Theyaretoovisibleintheso—called’SocialHierarchies，’andsublimegiltDoggeries，sltcredandsecular，ofallModernCountries！Letusbesilent，myfriend。"——
"PrussianDryasdust，"hesayselsewhere，"doesmakeaterriblejobofit；especiallywhenheattemptstoweepthroughhispipe—clay，orrisewithhislongearsintothemoralsublime。AstotheGermanPeople，IfindthattheydimlyhavenotwantedsensibilitytoFriedrich；thattheirmultitudesofAnecdotes，stillcirculatingamongtheminprintandVIVAVOCE，areproofofthis。TherebytheyhaveatleastmadeaMYTHofFriedrich’sHistory，andgivensomerhythmus，lifeandcheerfulhumansubstantialitytohisworkandhim。AccepttheseAnecdotesastheEpicTHEYcouldnotwriteofhim，butwerelongingtohearfromsomebodywhocould。Whohasnotyetappearedamongmankind，norwillforsometime。Alas，myfriend，onpiercingthroughthebewilderingnimbusofbabble，malignity，mendacity，whichveilsseven—foldtheFaceofFriedrichfromus，andgettingtoseesomeglimpsesoftheFaceitself，oneissorrowfullystruckdumboncemore。Whatasuicidalsetofcreatures；commandingaswithonevoice，ThatthereshallbenoHeroismmoreamongthem；thatallshallbeDoggeryandCommon—
placehenceforth。’ACH，MEINLIEBERSULZER，youdon’tknowthatdamnedbrood！’——Well，well。’Solomon’sTemple，’theMoslemssay，’hadtobebuiltunderthechirpingoftenthousandSparrows。’
Tenthousandofthem；committeeofthewholehouse，unanimouslyoftheoppositeview；——andcouldnotquitehinderit。Thattooissomething！"——
Moretoourimmediatepurposeisthisotherthing:ThattheAustrianshavebeeninCouncilofWar；and，ondeliberation，havedecidedtocomeoutoftheirdefences；toquittheirstrongCamp，whichliessoeligibly，aheadofBreslauandarearofLissaandofSchweidnitzWateryonder；tocrossSchweidnitzWater，leaveLissabehindthem；andmeetthisoffensivelyaggressiveFriedrichinpitchedfight。Severalhadvoted，No，whystir？——Daunespecially，andotherswithemphasis。"Noneedoffightingatall，"saidDaun:
"wecandefendSchweidnitzWater；ruinhimbeforeheevergetacross。""Defend？BeassaultedbyanArmylikehis？"urgesLucchesi，theotherChiefGeneral:"Itistotallyunworthyofus！
Wehavegainedthegame；allthehonorsours；letushavedonewithit。Givehimbattle，sincehefortunatelywishesit；wefinishhim，andgloriouslyfinishtheWartoo！"SoarguedLucchesi，withvivacity，persistency，——tohisownillluck，butevidentlywithapprovalfromPrinceKarl。Everybodysees，thisisthewaytoPrinceKarl’sfavoratpresent。"HavenotIreconqueredSilesia？"
thinksPrinceKarltohimself；andbeamsapplauseonthehighcourse，notthelowprudentone。[Kutzen，pp。45—48。]Inaword，theAustriansdecideonsteppingouttomeetFriedrichinopenbattle:itwasthefirsttimetheyeverdidso；anditwaslikewisethelast。
Sunday，December4th，atfourinthemorning，FriedrichhasmarchedfromParchwitz，straighttowardstheAustrianCamp；[Muller，p。26。]hehears，onecanfancywithwhatpleasure，thattheAustriansareadvancingtowardshim，andwillnotneedtobeforcedintheirstrongposition。Hismarchisinfourcolumns，Friedrichinthevanguard；quarterstobeNeumarkt，alittleTownaboutfourteenmilesoff。WithinsomemilesofNeumarkt，earlyintheafternoon，helearnsthatthereareathousandCroatsintheplace，theAustrianBakeryatworkthere，andengineerpeoplemarkingoutanAustrianCamp。"OntheHeightbeyondNeumarkt，thatwillbe？"
thinksFriedrich；forheknowsthisground，havingoftendonereviewshere；toBreslauallthewayonbothhands，notaroodofitbutisfamiliartohim。Whichwasasingularadvantage，saythecritics；andapointtheAustrianCouncilofWarshouldhavetakenmorethoughtof。
Friedrich，beforeenteringNeumarkt，sendsaregimenttoridequietlyrounditonbothsides，andtoseizethatHeightheknowsof。Heightonceseized，orreadyforseizing，heburststhebarrierofNeumarkt；dashesinuponthethousandCroats；flingsouttheCroatsinextremehurry，musketryandsabreactingonthem；
theyfindtheirHeightbeset，theirretreatcutoff，andthattheymustvanish。Ofthe1，000Croats，"569weretakenprisoners，and120slain，"inthisunexpectedsweepingoutofNeumarkt。
Betterstill，inNeumarktisfoundtheAustrianBakery，setupandinfullwork；——deliversyou80，000bread—rationshot—and—hot，whichlittleexpectedtogosucharoad。OntheHeight，theAustrianstakesandengineer—toolswerefoundstickingintheground；
sohastyhadtheflightbeen。
HowPrinceKarlcametoexposehisBakery，hisstaffoflifesofaraheadofhim？PrinceKarl，itisclear，wasalittlepuffedupwithhighthoughtsatthistime。ThecaptureofSchweidnitz，thelate"Malplaquet"（poorishAnti—BevernMalplaquet），captureofBreslau，andthelowandlostconditionofFriedrich’sSilesianaffairs，hadmoreorlessturnedeverybody’shead，——everybody’sexceptFeldmarschallDaun’salone:——andwittymess—tables，wealreadysaid，wereinthedailyhabitofmockingatFriedrich’smarchtowardsthemwithaggressiveviews，andcalledhisinsignificantlittleArmythe"PotsdamGuard—Parade。"[Cogniazzo，ii。417—422。]
Thatwasthecommontriumphanthumor；naturallysharedinbyPrinceKarl；thereadywaytoflatterhimbeingtosinginthattune。
Nobodyotherwisecanexplain，andnobodyinanywisecanjustify，PrinceKarl’signoranceofFriedrich’sadvance，hisalmostvoluntarylosingofhisstaff—of—lifeinthatmanner。
MAPTOGOHERE——FACINGPAGE48，BOOK18continuation————
PrinceKarl’ssoldiershaveeach（inthecoldform）threedays，provisionintheirhaversacks:theyhavecomeacrosstheWeistritzRiver（morecommonlycalledSchweidnitzWater），whichwasalsotheheightofcontemptuousimprudence；andlieencamped，thisnight，——
inlongline，notill—chosen（oncetheRiverISbehind），——
perpendiculartoFriedrich’smarch，sometenmilesaheadofhim。
Sincecrossing，theyhadlearnedwithsurprise，HowtheirBakeryandCroatshadbeensnaptup；thatFriedrichwasnotatadistance，butnear；——andthatarrangementscouldnotbemadetoosoon！
TheirpositionintersectstheGreatRoadatrightangles，aswehint；andhasvillages，swamps，woodyknolls；especially，oneachwing，gooddefences。TheirrightwingleansonNypernanditsimpassablepeat—bogs，aVillagetwoorthreemilesnorthfromtheGreatRoad；theircentreisclosebehindanotherVillagecalledLeuthen，aboutasfarsouthfromit:lengthoftheirbivouacisaboutfivemiles；whichwillbecomesixorso，hadNadastioncetakenpost，whoistoformtheleftwing，andgodownasfarasSagschutz，southwardofLeuthen。SevenbattalionsareinthisVillageofLeuthen，eightinNypern，alltheVillagessecured；
woods，scraggyabatis，redoubts，notforgotten:theircannonarenumerous，thoughoflightcalibre。Friedrichhasatleast71heavypieces；and10ofthemareformidablyheavy，——broughtfromthewallsofGlogau，withterriblelabortoZiethen；butwithexcellenteffect，onthisoccasionandhenceforth。Theygotthenameof"Boomers，Bellowers（DIEBRUMMER），"thoseTen。Friedrichwasingreatstraitsaboutartillery；andRetzowSeniorrecommendedthishaulingupoftheTenBellowers，whichbecamecelebratedintheyearscoming。AndnowweareontheBattle—ground，andmustlookintotheBattleitself，ifwecan。
ChapterX。
BATTLEOFLEUTHEN。
FromNeumarkt，onMonday，longbeforeday，thePrussians，allbutasmallpartylefttheretoguardtheBakeryandArmyProperties，areoutagain；infourcolumns；towardswhatmaylieahead。
Friedrich，asusualinsuchcases，forobviousreasons，rideswiththevanguard。ToBorne，thefirstVillageontheHighway，issomesevenoreightmiles。Theairisdamp，thedimincipiencesofdawnstrugglingamonghaze；alittlewayonthissideBorne，wecomeonranksofcavalrydrawnacrosstheHighway，stretchingrightandleftintothedimvoid:AustrianArmythis，then？Pushuptoit；
seewhatitis，atleast。
ItprovestobepoorGeneralNostitz，withhisthreeSaxonregimentsofdragoons，famoussinceKolin—day，andacoupleofHussarregiments，standinghereasoutpost；——whooughttohavebeenmorealert；buttheycouldnotseethroughthedark，andso，insteadofcatching，arecaught。ThePrussiansfalluponthem，frontandflank，tumblethemintoimmediatewreck；drivethewholeoutpostatfullgallophome，throughBorne，uponNypernandtherightwing，——withoutnewsexceptofthissymbolicalsort。
Saxonregimentsarequiteruined，"540ofthemprisoners"（poorNostitzhimselfnotprisoner，butwoundedtodeath[DiedinBreslau，thetwelfthdayafter（Seyfarth，ii。362）。]）；andthegroundclearinthisquarter。
Friedrich，onthefarthersideofBorne，callshalt，tillthemainbodyarrive；ridesforward，himselfandstaff，tothehighestofarangeorsuiteofknolls，somefurlongsahead；seesthereinfullview，farandwide，theAustriansdrawnupbeforehim。FromNyperntoSagschuitzyonder；milesinlength；andsodistinct，whilethelightmendedandthehazesfaded，"thatyoucouldhavecountedthem[throughyourglasses]，manbyman。"AhighlyinterestingsighttoFriedrich；whocontinuesthereintheprofoundeststudy，andcallsupsomehorseregimentsofthevanguardtomaintainthisHeightandtherangeofHeightsrunningsouthfromit。Andthere，Ithink，theKingismainlytobefound，lookingnowattheAustrians，nowathisownpeople，forsomethreehourstocome。HisplanofBattleissooncleartohim:Nypern，withitsbogsandscrags，ontheAustrianrightwing，istortuousimpossibleground，ashewellremembers，nogoodprospectforusthere:bettergroundforusontheirleftyonder，atLeuthen，evenatSagschutzfarthersouth，whithertheyarestretchingthemselves。Attempttheirleftwing；
tryour"ObliqueOrder"uponthat，withalltheskillthatisinus；perhapswecandoitrightlythistime，andprosperaccordingly！ThatisFriedrich’splanofaction。ThefourcolumnsoncegottoBorneshallfallintotwo；turntotheright，andgosouthward，eversouthward:——theyaretobecomeourtwoLinesofBattle，weretheyoncegottotherightpointsouthward。
WelloppositeSagschutz，thatwillbethepointforfacingtoleft，andmarchingup，——in"ObliqueOrder，"withtheutmostfacultytheyhave！
"TheObliqueOrder，SCHRAGESTELLUNG，"letthehastyreaderpausetounderstand，"isanoldplanpractisedbyEpaminondas，andrevivedbyFriedrich，——whohastrieditinalmostallhisBattlesmoreorless，fromHohenfriedbergforwardtoPrag，Kolin，Rossbach；
butnevercould，inallpoints，getitrightlydonetillnow，atLeuthen，inthehighesttimeofneed。"Itisaparticularmanoeuvre，"saysArchenholtz，rathersergeant—wise，"whichindeedothertroopsarenow[1793]inthehabitofimitating；butwhich，uptothispresenttime，nonebutPrussiantroopscanexecutewiththeprecisionandvelocityindispensabletoit。Youdivideyourlineintomanypieces；youcanpushtheseforwardstairwise，sothattheyshallhaltclosetooneanother，"obliquely，toeitherhand；andso，onaminimumofground，bringyourmassofmentotherequiredpointattherequiredangle。Friedrichinventedthismodeofgettingintoposition；byitscloseranking，byitsdepth，andthemannerofmovementused，ithadsomeresemblancetothe"MacedonianPhalanx，"——chieflyinthelatterpoint，Ishouldguess；
forwhenarrivedatitsplace，itisnodeeperthancommon。
"Formingitselfinthisway，amassoftroopstakesupinproportionverylittleground；anditshowsinthedistance，byreasonofthemixeduniformsandstandards，atotallychaoticmassofmenheapedononeanother，"goinginrapidmazesthiswayandthat。"ButitneedsonlythattheCommanderlifthisfinger；
instantlythislivingcoilofknottedintricaciesdevelopsitselfinperfectorder，andwithaspeedlikethatofmountainriverswhentheicebreaks，"——isuponitsEnemy。[Archenholtz，i。209。]
"YourEnemyisrankedashere，inlongline，threeortwotoone。
Youmarchtowardshim，butkeephimuncertainastohowyouwillattack；thendoonasuddenmarchup，notparalleltohim，butoblique，atanangleof45degrees，——swift，vehement，inoverpoweringnumbers，onthewingyouhavechosen。Rollthatwingtogether，ruined，inuponitsownline，youmayrollthewholefivemilesoflineintodisorderandruin，andalwaysbeinoverpoweringnumberatthepointofdispute。Provided，only，youareswiftenoughaboutit，sharpenough！Butextraordinaryswiftness，sharpness，precisionistheindispensablecondition；——bynomeanstryitotherwise；nonebutPrussians，drilledbyanOldDessauer，capableofdoingit。ThisistheSCHRAGEORDNUNG，aboutwhichtherehasbeensuchcommentatingandcontroversyingamongmilitarypeople:whetherFriedrichinventedit，whetherCaesardidit，howEpaminondas，howAlexanderatArbela；how"——Whichshallnotintheleastconcernusonthisoccasion。
Thefourcolumnsrustledthemselvesintotwo，andturnedsouthwardonthetwosidesofBorne；——southwardhenceforth，forabouttwohours；asifstraighttowardstheMagicMountain，theZobtenberg，faroff，whichisconspicuousoverallthatregion。
Theirsteadiness，theirswiftnessandexactitudewereunsurpassable。"Itwasabeautifulsight，"saysTempelhof，aneye—
witness:"Theheadsofthecolumnswereconstantlyonthesamelevel，andatthedistancenecessaryforforming；allflowedonexact，asifinareview。Andyoucouldreadintheeyesofourbravetroopsthenobletempertheywerein。"[Tempelhof，i。288，287。]Iknownotatwhatpointoftheircourse，orforhowlong，butitwasfromthecolumnnearesthim，whichistobefirstline，thattheKingheard，borneonthewindsamidtheirfield—music，astheymarchedthere，thesoundofPsalms，——many—voicedmelodyofaChurchHymn，wellknowntohim；whichhadbrokenout，bandaccompanying，amongthoseotherwisesilentmen。Thefactisverycertain，verystrangetome:detailsnotveryprecise，exceptthathere，asspecimen，isaverseoftheirHymn:——
"Grantthatwithzealandskill，thisday，IdoWhatmetodobehooves，whatthoucommand’stmeto；
GrantthatIdoitsharp，atpointofmomentfit，AndwhenIdoit，grantmegoodsuccessinit。"
"Giebdassichthu’mitFleisswasmirzuthungebuhret，WozumichdeinBefehlinmeinemStandefuhret，Giebdassich’sthuebald，zuderZeitdaich’ssoll；
Undwennich’sthu’，sogiebdassesgerathewohl。"
["HYMN—BOOKofPorst"（PrussianSternhold—and—
Hopkins），"p。689:"citedinPreuss，ii。107。]
Onehasheardthevoiceofwaters，onehaspausedinthemountainsatthevoiceoffar—offCovenanterpsalms；butavoicelikethis，breakingthecommandedsilences，onehasnotheard。"Shallweorderthattocease，yourMajesty？""Bynomeans，"saidtheKing；
whosehardheartseemstohavebeentouchedbyit，asmightwellbe。Indeedthereisinhim，inthosegrimdays，atoneasoftrustintheEternal，asofrealreligiouspietyandfaith，scarcelynoticeableelsewhereinhisHistory。Hisreligion，andhehadinwitheredformsagooddealofit，ifwewilllookwell，beiugalmostalwaysinastrictlyvoicelessstate，——nay，ultra—voiceless，orvoicedthewrongway，asistoowellknown。"Bynomeans！"
answeredhe:andamomentafter，saidtosomeone，Ziethenprobably:"Withmenlikethese，don’tyouthinkIshallhavevictorythisday！"
ThelossoftheirSaxonForepostprovedmoreimportanttotheAustriansthanitseemed；——notcomputableinprisoners，orkilledandwounded。TheHeightnamedScheuberg，——"BorneRise"（sowemightcallit，whichhasgotitsPillarofmemorialsince，withgiltVictoryatop[Nottill1854（Kutzen，pp。194，195）。]；——whereFriedrichnowisandwheretheAustriansarenot，isatonceascreenandapointofvisiontoFriedrich。BylossoftheirNostitzForepost，theyhadlostviewofFriedrich，andnevercouldrecoverviewofhim；couldnotforhourslearndistinctlywhathewasabout；andwhenhedidcomeinsightagain，itwasinamostunexpectedplace！OnthefarthersideofBorne，edgeofthebigexpanseofopencountrythere，Friedrichhashalted；riddenwithhisadjutantstothetopof"theScheuberg（Shy—HILL），"astheBookscallit，thoughitismoreproperlyabluntKnollor"Rise，"
——thenearestofaChainofKnolls，orswellsintheground，whichrunsfromnorthtosouthonthatpart。
ExcepttheZobtenberg，risingblueandmassive，onthesouthernhorizon（famousmythologicMountain，remindingyouofanARTHUR’S
SEATinshapetoo，onlybiggerandsolitary），thisCountry，formanymilesround，hasnothingthatcouldbecalledaHill；itisdefinableasabarewide—wavingchampaign，withslightbumpsonit，orslowheavingsandsinkings。Countrymostlyunderculture，thoughitisofsandyquality；oneortwosluggishbrooksinit；andreedymeresormires，drainedinourday。ItisdottedwithHamletsoftheusualkind；andhaspatchesofscraggyfir。Yourhorizon，evenwherebare，islimited，owingtothewavyheavingsoftheground；
windmillsandchurch—belfriesareyouronlyresource，andeventhese，fromaboutLeuthenandtheAustrianposition，leavetheBornequartermostlyinvisibletoyou。LeuthenBelfry，thesamewhichmayhavestoodahundredyearsbeforethisBattle，endsinasmalltile—roof，openonlyatthegables:——"LeuthenBelfry，"saysarecentTourist，"isofsmallresourceforaview。Tosouthyoucanseesomedistance，Sagschutz，LobetintzandotherHamlets，amidscraggyfir—patches，andmeadows，oncemirypools；buttonorthyouaresoonshutinbyaswellorslowrise，withtwowindmillsuponit[importanttoreadersatpresent]；andtoeastward[BreslausideandLissaside]，ortowestward[Friedrich’sside]，onehasnoview，exceptoftheoldwarpedraftersandtheiroldmouldytileswithinfewinches；or，ifbyaudaciouseffortsateachend，totheriskofyourneck，yougetatransientpeep，itisstopt，farshortofBorne，bytheslowirregularheavings，withorwithoutfiraboutthem。"[Tourist’sNote，PENESME。]
Inshort，FriedrichkeepspossessionofthatBorneridgeofKnolls，escortedbyCavalryingoodnumbers；twinklingaboutinanenigmaticway:——"Prussianrightwingyonder，"thinktheAustrians——
"whitherward，orwhatcantheymean？"——andkeepshisowncolumnsandtheAustrianlinesinview；himselfandhismovementsinvisible，orworse，totheAustrianGeneralsfromanyspy—glassorconjecturetheycanemploy。
TheAustrianGeneralsareinwindmills，onchurch—belfries，here，there；diligentlyscanningtheabstrusephenomenon，ofwhichsolittlecanbeseen。Daun，whohadalwaysbeenagainstthisadventure，thinksitprobablethevanishedPrussiansareretiringsouthward:forBohemiaandourMagazinesprobably。"Thesegoodpeoplearesmugglingoff（DIEGUTENLEUTEPASCHENAB），"saidhe:
"letthemgoinpeace。"[Muller，p。36。]Daun，thatmorning，inhisreconnoitrings，hadaskedofapeasant，"Whatisthat，then？"
（meaningthetopofaVillage—steepleinthedistance，butthoughtbythepeasanttobemeaningsomethingnearerhand）。"ThatistheHillourKingchasestheAustriansover，whenheisreviewinghere！"WhichDaunreportedathead—quarterswithagrin。
[Nicolai，Anekdoten，iv。34。]
Lucchesi，ontheotherhand，scanningthoseBorneHills，andthecavalryofFriedrich’sescorttwinklinghitherandthitheronthem，becomesconvincedtoamoralcertainty，ThatyonderisthePrussianVanguard，probableextremityofleftwing；andthathe，Lucchesi，hereatNypern，istobeattacked。"Attacked，you？"saidoneMontazet，FrenchAgentorEmissaryhere:"unlesstheyweresnipes，itisimpossible！"ButLucchesisawittoowell。
Hesendstosaythatsuchistheevidentfact，andthathe，Lucchesi，isnotequaltoit，butmusthavelargereinforcementofHorsetohisrightwing。"Tush！"answerPrinceKarlandDaun；andreturnonlyargument，verbalconsolation，todistressedLucchesi。
Lucchesisendsasecondmessage，morepassionatelypressing，tothelikeeffect；alsowiththelikereturn。Uponwhichhesendsathirdmessage，quitepassionate:"IfCavalrydonotcome，Iwillnotberesponsiblefortheissue！"AndnowDaundoescollecttherequiredreinforcement；"allthereserveofHorse，andagreatmanyfromtheleftwing；"——and，Daunhimselfheadingthem，goesoffataswifttrot；tolookintoLucchesiandhisdistresses，threeorfourmilestoright，fiveorsixfromwherethedangerlies。NowisFriedrich’sgoldenmoment。
Wendingalwayssouth，ontheirwesternorinvisiblesideofthoseKnolls，Friedrich’speoplehavegottoaboutthelevel，orLATITUDE
aswemightcallit，ofNadasti’sleft。ToRadaxdorf，namely，toLobetintz，orstillfarthersouth，andperhapsamiletowestofNadasti。FriedrichhasmountedtoLobetintzWindmill；andjudgesthatthetimeiscome。DaunandCavalryoncegottosupporttheirrightwing，andoursouthlatitudebeingnowsufficient，Friedrich，swiftasPrussianmanoeuvringcandoit，fallswithallhisstrengthupontheirleftwing。Formsinobliqueorder，——horse，foot，artillery，allperfectintheirpaces；andcomesstreamingovertheKnollsatSagschutz，suddenlylikeafire—delugeonNadasti，whohadchargethere，andwasexpectingnosuchadventure！
HowFriedrichdidtheforminginobliqueorderwasatthattimeamysteryknownonlytoFriedrichandhisPrussians:butsoldiersofallcountries，gatheringthesecretfromhim，nowunderstandit，andcanlearnedlyexplainittosuchasarecurious。WillreaderstakeatouchmoreoftheDRILL—SERGEANT？
"Yougostairwise（ENECHELON），"sayshe:"firstbattalionstarts，secondstandsimmovabletillthefirsthavedonefiftysteps；
atthefifty—first，secondbattalionalsostepsalong；
thirdwaitingforITSfifty—firststep。Firstbattalion[rightmostbattalionorleftmost，asthecasemaybe；rightmostinthisLeuthencase]doingfiftystepsbeforethenextstirs，andeachbattalioninsuccessionpunctuallydoingthesame:"marchalongontheseterms，——orhaltateitherend，whileyouadvanceattheother，——itisevidentyouwillswingyourselfoutoftheparallelpositionintoanydegreeofobliquity。Andfurthermore，merelybyhaltingandfacinghalfroundatthedueintervals，youshoveyourselftorightortoleftasrequired（alwaystorightinthisLeuthencase）:andso——providedyouCANmarchasapairofcompasseswould——youwill，inthegivennumberofminutes，impingeuponyourEnemy’sextremityattherequiredangle，andoverlaphimtotherequiredlength:whereupon，Athim，inflank，infront，andrear，andseeifhecanstandit！"Abeautifulmanoeuvre"saysCaptainArchenholtz；"devisedbyFriedrich，"byFriedrichinheritingEpaminondasandtheOldDessauer；"andwhichperhapsonlyFriedrich’smen，tothisday，coulddowiththerequisiteperfection。"
Nadasti，askilfulWar—Captain，especiallywithHorse，wasbeautifullypostedaboutSagschutz；hisextremeleftfoldedupEN
POTENCEthere（elbowofitatSagschutz，forearmofitrunningtoGohlaueastward）；POTENCEendinginfirwoodKnollswithCroatmusketeers，inditches，ponds，difficultground，especiallytowardsGohlau。Hehasastrongbattery，14pieces，ontheHeighttorearofhim，attheangleorelbowofhisPOTENCE；strongabatis，wellmannedinfronttorightwards:uponthis，andupontheCroatsinthefirwood，thePrussiansintendtheirattack。GeneralWedellisthere，PrinceMoritzaschief，withsixbattalions，andtheirbatteries，batteryof10Brummersandanother；ZiethenalsoandHorse:comingon，inswiftfire—flood，andatanangleofforty—
fivedegrees。Mostunexpected，strangetobehold！Fromsouthwestyonder；aboutoneo’clockoftheday。
Nadasti，thoughastonishedatthePrussianfire—deluge，standstohisarms；makes，infront，vigorousdefence；andeventakes，insomesort，theinitiative，——thatis，dashesouthisCavalryonZiethen，beforeZiethenhascharged。Ziethen’sHorse，whoarerightmostofthePrussians:andarebaretotheright，——groundofferingnobush，nobrookthere（thoughZiethen，foreseeingsuchdefect，hasaclumpofinfantrynearbytomendit），——reelbackunderthisfirstshock，comingdownhilluponthem；andwouldhavefaredbadly，hadnottheclumpofinfantryinstantlyopenedfireontheNadastivisitors，andpoureditinsuchfloodsuponthem，thatthey，intheirturn，hadtoreelback。Backthey，welloutofrange；——andleaveZiethenfreeforacounter—attackshortly，oneasierterms，whichwassuccessfultohim。For，duringthatfirsttussleofhis，thePrussianInfantry，toleftofZiethen，hasattackedtheSagschutzFirwood；clearsthatofCroats；
attacksNadasti’sline，breaksit，theirBrummerbatterypotentlyassisting，andtherageofWedellandeverybodybeingextreme。
Sothat，inspiteofthefineground，Nadastiisinabadway，ontheextremeleftoroutmostpointofhisPOTENCE，ortacticalKNEE。
Roundtheknee—panorangleofhisPOTENCE，whereistheabatis，hefaresstillworse。Abatis，besweptbythosetenBrummersandotherBatteries，tillbulletandbayonetcanactonit，speedilygivesway。"TheyweremereWurtembergers，these；andcouldnotstand！"
criedtheAustriansapologetically，atagreatrate，afterwards；
asifanybodycouldwellhavestood。
IndisputablytheWurtembergersandtheabatisaregone；andtheBrandenburgers，stormingafterthem，stormNadasti’sinteriorbatteryof14pieces；andNadasti’saffairsarerapidlygettingdesperateinthisquarter。FigurePrinceKarl’sscouts，gallopingmadlytorecallthatDaunCavalry！AustrianBattalions，plentyofthem，rushdowntohelpNadasti；buttheyaremetbythecrowdingfugitives，thechasingPrussians；arethemselvesthrownintodisorder，andcandonogoodwhatever。Theyarriveonthegroundflurried，blown；havenottheleasttimetotakebreathandorder:
thefewestofthemevergotfairlyranked，noneofthemeverstoodaboveonepush:allgoesrollingwildlybackuponthecentreaboutLeuthen。Chaoscomeonus；——andallformerelackoftime:
couldNadastibutoncestretchoutoneminuteintotwenty！Buthecannot。Nadastidoesnothimselflosehead；skilfullycoverstheretreat，tryingtorallyonceandagain。Notforthefirstfewfurlongs，tilltheditches，tillthefirwood，quagmiresarealldone，couldZiethen，nowontheopenground，fairlyhewin；
"takewholebattalionsprisoners；"drivethecrowdinanaltogetherstormymanner；andwhollyconfoundthematterinthispart。
PrinceKarl，hismessengersflyingmadly，hasstruggledasmanseldomdidtoputhimselfinsomepostureaboutLeuthen，togetupsomedefencesthere。Leuthenitself，thechurchyardofitespecially，isonthedefensive。Menarebringingcannontothewindmills，totheswellinggroundonthenorthsideofLeuthen；
theydigditches，buildbatteries，——couldtheybutmakeTimehalt，andFriedrichwithhim，foronequarterofanhour。Buttheycannot。Bytheextremeofdiligence，theAustrianshaveinsomemeasureswungthemselvesintoanewposition，orimperfectLineroundLeuthenasacentre，——Lucchesi，voluntarilyorbyorder，swingingsouthwardsontheonehand；Nadastiswingingnorthwardsbycompulsion；——newLineatananglesayof75degreestotheoldone。
Andhere，foranhourmore，therewasstifffighting，thestiffestoftheday；——ofwhich，takeonedirectglimpse，fromtheAustrianside，furnishedbyaYoungGentlemanfamousafterwards:——
Leuthen，letuspremise，isalongHamletoftheusuallitterysort；withtworows，insomepartsthree，offarm—houses，barns，cattle—stalls；withChurch，orevenwithtwoChurches，aProtestantandaCatholic；goesfromeasttowestaboveamileinlength。WiththewrecksofNadastitumblingintoitpell—mellfromthesoutheast，andLucchesidesperatelyendeavoringtoswingroundfromthenorthwest，notquiteincoherently，andthePrussianfire—stormforaccompaniment，LeuthenisprobablythemostchaoticplaceinthePlanetEarthduringthathourorso（fromhalf—pasttwotohalf—pastthree）whiletheagonylasted。Atoneo’clockNadastiwasattacked；attwoheistumblinginmid—careertowardsLeuthen:
IguessthedateofthisExcerpt，ortestimonybyaNotableEye—
witness，maybehalf—pasttwo；crisisoftheagonyjustabouttobegin:andbeforefouritwasallfinishedagain。Eye—witnessistheyoungPrincedeLigne，nowCaptaininanAustrianRegimentofFoot；andstandinghereinthisperilousposture，havingbeencalledinaspartoftheReserve。Hesays:——
"CryhadrisenfortheReserve，"inwhichwasmyregiment，"andthatitmustcomeonasfastaspossible，"——toLeuthen，westofusyonder。"Weranwhatwecouldrun。OurLieutenant—Colonelfellkilledalmostatthefirst；beyondthiswelostourMajor，andindeedalltheOfficersbutthree，——threeonly，andaboutelevenortwelveoftheVoluuteerorCadetkind。Wehadcrossedtwosuccessiveditches，whichlayinanorchardtoleftofthefirsthousesinLeuthen；andwerebeginningtoforminfrontoftheVillage。Buttherewasnostandingofit。Besidesageneralcannonadesuchascanhardlybeimagined，therewasarainofcase—
shotuponthisBattalion，ofwhichI，astherewasnoColonelleft，hadtotakecommand；andathirdBattalionoftheRoyalPrussianFoot—guards，whichhadalreadymadeseveralofourregimentspassthatkindofmuster，gave，atadistanceofeightypaces，theliveliestfireonus。Itstoodasifontheparade—ground，thatthirdBattalion，andwaitedforus，withoutstirring。
"TheAustrianregimentAndlau，atourrighthand，couldnotgetitselfformedproperlybyreasonofthehouses；itwasstandingthirtydeep，andsometimesitsshothitusontheback。OnmylefttheAustrianregimentMerciranitsways；andIwasgladofthat，incomparison。BynomethodoreffortcouldIgetthedragoonsofBathyani，whostoodfiftyyardsinrearofme，tocutinalittle，andhelpmeout，"——nogoodcuttinghereabouts，thinkthedragoonsofBathyani。"Mysoldiers，whowerestilltiredwithrunning，andhadnocannon（theseeitherfromnecessityorchoicetheyhadleftbehind），weregotscattered，fewerinnumber，andwerefightingmainlyoutofsullenness。Moreourhonor，thanthenotionofdoinggoodintheaffair，preventedusfromrunningoff。AnEnsignoftheregimentArberghelpedmeawhiletoform，fromhisandmyownfragments，akindofline；buthewasshotdown。TwoOfficersoftheGrenadiersbroughtmewhattheystillhad。SomeHungarians，too，wereluckilygottogether。Butatlast，as，withallhelpsandtheremnantsofmyownbraveBattalion，Ihadcomedowntoatmost200，IdrewbacktotheHeightwheretheWindmillis，"
[Kutzenp。103（from"PrincedeLigne’sDIARY，i。63，GermanTranslation"）。]——wheremanyhavedrawnback，andarestandinginshelteredplaces，ahundreddeep，sayourBooks。
StifffightingatLeuthen；especiallyfurioustillLeuthenChurchyard，aplacewithhighstonewalls，wasgot。LeuthenVillage，weobserve，wascrammedwithAustriansspittingfirefromeverycoignofvantage；ChurchandChurchyardespeciallyareacitadelofdeath。CannonplayingfromtheWindmillHeights，too；——
momentsareinestimable。ThePrussianCommander（namecharitablyhidden）atLeuthenChurchyardseemstohesitateinthemurderousfire—deluge:MajorMollendorf，namablefromthatdayforward，growling，"Notimethisforstudy，"dashesouthimself，"EINANDRER
MANN（Followme，whoeverisaman）！"——smashesintheChurch—Gateoftheplace，ninemusketsblazingonhimthroughit；smashes，afteradesperatestruggle，theAustrianscleanoutofit，andconquersthecitadel。[Muller，p。42。]
TheAustrians，onconfusedterms，madestiffdisputeinthissecondpositionforaboutanhour。ThePrussianReservewasorderedupbyFriedrich；thePrussianleftwing，whichhadstood"refused，"aboutRadaxdorf，tillnow:atonetimenearlyallthePrussianswereinfire。Friedrichishere，isthere，whereverthepresswasgreatest；
"PrinceFerdinand，"whomwenowandthenfindnamed，asadiligentlittlefellow，andascertaintobehereinthisandotherBattlesofFriedrich’s，——"PrinceFerdinandatonetimepointedhiscannonontheBushorFir—ClumpofRadaxdorf；——anaide—de—campcametohimwithmessage:"YouarefiringontheKing；theKingisyonder！"
AtwhichFerdinand[hisdearlittleBrother]ERSCHRACK，"oralmostfaintedwithterror。[Kutzen，p。110。]
Stiffdispute；andhadtheAustrianspossessedthePrussiandexterityinmanoeuvring，andaFriedrichbeenamongthem，——
perhaps？Butontheirownterms，therewasfromthefirstlittlehopeinit。"BehindtheWindmillstheyareahundredmendeep；"
byandby，yourWindmills，riddledtopieces，havetobeabandoned；
thePrussianleftwingrushingonwithbayonets，willnotallofyouhavetogo？Lucchesi，withhisabundantCavalry，seeingthislattermovementandthePrussianflankbareinthatpart，willdoastrokeuponthem；——andthisprovedproperlythefinaleofthematter，finaletobothLucchesiandit。
ThePrussianflankwastoappearancebareinthatleftwardquarter；
butonlytoappearance:DriesenwiththeleftwingofHorseisinaHollowhardby；strictlychargedbyFriedrichtoprotectsaidflank，andtakenothingelseinhand。DriesenletsLucchesigallopby，inthiscareerofhis；thenemerges，ranked，andcomesstorminginuponLucchesi’sback，——entirelyconfoundinghisastonishedCavalryandtheircareer。AstonishedCavalry，bullet—stormonthissideofthem，edgeofswordonthat，takewinginalldirections（orallexcepttowestandsouth）quiteoverthehorizon；
Lucchesihimselfgetskilled，——crossesastillwiderhorizon，poorman。Hebegantheruin，andheendsit。FornowDriesentakesthebaredAustriansinflank，inrear；andallgoestumblingheretoo，andinfewminutesisageneraldelugerearwardtowardsSaaraandLissaside。
AtSaaratheAustrians，sunjustsinking，madeathirdattempttostand；butitwashopelesslyfaintthistime；wentallasunderatthefirstpush；andflowedthen，torrent—wise，towardsallitsBridgesovertheSchweidnitzWater，towardsBreslaubyeverymethod。TherearefourBridges，StabelwitzbelowLissa；
Goldschmieden，Hermannsdorf，above；andthemainoneatLissaitself，astandingBridgeontheHighroad（alsoofwood）；andbythisthechieftorrentflows；Prussianhorsepursuingvigorously；
PrussianInfantrydrawnupatSaara，restingsomeminutes，aftersuchaday’swork。[Archenholtz，i。209；Seyfarth，
Beylagen，ii。243—252（byaneye—witness，intelligentsuccinctAccountoftheBattleandpreviousMarch；ib。252—272，oftheSieges&c。following）；Preuss，ii。112，&c。；Tempelhof，i。276。]
Trulyamemorablebitofwork；nofinerdoneforahundredyears，orforhundredsofyears；andtheresultsofitmanifold，immediateandremote。About10，000Austriansareleftonthefield，3，000ofthemslain；prisonersalready12，000，inashorttime21，000；
flags51，cannon116；——"ConquestofSilesia"gonetowater；
PrinceKarlandAustriafallenfromtheirhighhopesinoneday。
ThePrussianslostinkilled1，141，inwounded5，118；85hadbeentakenprisonersaboutSagschutzandGohlau，inthefirststrugglethere。[Kutzen，pp。118，125。]ThereandatLeuthenVillagehadbeenthetwotoughpassages；aboutanhoureach；inthreehourstheBattlewasdone。"MEINEHERREN，"saidFriedrichthatnightatparole，"aftersuchaspellofwork，youdeserverest。Thisdaywillbringtherenownofyourname，andoftheNation’s，tothelatestposterity。"
Highandlowhadshonethisday；especiallythesefour:
Ziethen，Driesen，Retzow，——andaboveallMoritzofDessau。
Ridinguptheline，asnightfell，Friedrich，inpassingMoritzandtherightwing，drewbridleforaninstant:"IcongratulateyouontheVictory，HerrFeldmarschall！"criedhecheerily，andwithemphasisonthelastword。Moritz，stillverybusy，answeredslightly；andFriedrichrepeatedlouder，"Don’tyouhearthatI
congratulateyou，HerrFELDMARSCHALL！"——agladsoundtoMoritz，whoeversinceKolinhadstoodratherintheshadow。"Youhavehelpedme，andperformedeveryorder，asnoneeverdidbeforeinanybattle，"addedthegratefulKing。
Ridinguptheline，allnowgrowndusky，Friedrichasks，"AnybattalionamindtofollowmetoLissa？"Threebattalionsvolunteering，followhim；threeareplenty。AtSaara，ontheGreatRoad，thingsarefallenutterlydark。"Landlord，bringalantern，andescort。"LandlordofthepoorTavernatSaaraescortsobediently；lanterninhisrighthand，lefthandholdingbytheKing’sstirrup—leather，——King（ExcellencyorGeneral，astheLandlordthinkshim）wishingtospeakwiththeman。WillthereaderconsenttotheirDialogue，whichisdullish，butsingulartohaveinanauthenticform，withNicolaiasvoucher？[Anekdoten，iii。231—235。]Likesomepooroldhorse—shoe，plougheduponthefield。Twofarthingsworthofrustyoldiron；nowlittleotherthanacurveofbrownrust:butitgallopedattheBattleofLeuthen；
thatissomething！——
KING。"Comenear；catchmebythestirrup—leather[Landlordwithlanterndoesso]。WeareontheBreslauGreatRoad，thatgoesthroughLissa，aren’twe？"
LANDLORD。"Yea，Excellenz。"
KING。"Whoareyou？"
LANDLORD。"YourExcellenz，IamtheKRATSCHMER[SilesianforLandlord]atSaara。"
KING。"Youhavehadagreatdealtosuffer，Isuppose。"
LANDLORD。"ACH，yourExcellenz，hadnotI！Forthelasteight—and—
fortyhours，sincetheAustrianscameacrossSchweidnitzWater，mypoorhousehasbeencrammedtothedoorwiththem，somanyservantstheyhave；andsuchabullyingandtumbling:——theyhavedrivenmehalfmad；andIamcleanplunderedout。"
KING。"Iamsorryindeedtohearthat！——WerethereGeneralstooinyourhouse？Whatsaidthey？Tellme，then。"
LANDLORD。"Withpleasure，yourExcellenz。Well；yesterdaynoon，I
hadPrinceKarlinmyparlor，audhisAdjutantsandpeopleallcrowdingabout。Suchaquestioningaudbothering！Hundredscamedashingin，andotherhundredsweresentout:inandouttheywentallnight；nosoonerwasonegone，thantencame。Ihadtokeeparoaringfireinthekitchenallnight；somanyOfficerscrowdingtoittowarmthemselves。Andtheytalkedandbabbledthisandthat。
Onewouldsay，ThatourKingwascomingon，then，’withhisPotsdamGuard—Parade。’Anotheranswers，’OACH，hedaren’tcome！Hewillrunforit；wewilllethimrun。’Butnowmydelightis，ourKinghaspaidthemtheirfooleriessoprettilythisafternoon！"
KING。"Whengotyouridofyourhighguests？"
LANDLORD。"AboutninethismorningthePrincegottohorse；andnotlongafterthree，hecamepastagain，withaswarmofOfficers；
allgoingfullspeedforLissa。Sofullofbraggingwhentheycame；
andnowtheywereoff，wrongsideforemost！Isawhowitwas。
Andeverafterhim，thefloodofthemran，Highroadnotbroadenough，——anhourandmorebeforeitended。Suchapell—mell，suchawelter，cavalryandmusketeersalljumbled:ourKingmusthavegiventhemadreadfullathering。Thatiswhattheyhavegotbytheirbraggingandtheirlying，——for，yourExcellenz，thesepeoplesaidtoo，’OurKingwasforsakenbyhisownGenerals，allhisfirstpeoplehadgoneandlefthim:’whatIneverinthisworldwillbelieve。"
KING（notlikingevenrumorofthatkind）。"Thereyouareright；
nevercansuchathingbebelievedofmyArmy。"
LANDLORD（whomthis"MY"hastransfixed）。"MEINGOTT，youareourGNADIGSTERKONIG（mostgraciousKing）yourself！Pardon，pardon，if，inmystupidity，Ihave——"
KING。"No，youareanhonestman:——probablyaProtestant？"
LANDLORD。"JOA，JOA，IHRMAJESTAT，IamofyourMajesty’screed！"
Crack—crack！AtthispointtheDialogueiscutshortbysuddenmusket—shotsfromthewoodyfieldstoright；crackleofabouttwelveshotsinall；whichhurtnothingbutsomehorse’sfeet，——hadbeenaimedatthelight，andtoolow。Instantlythelightisblownout，andthereisahuntingoutofCroats；Lissaorenvironsnotevacuatedyet，itseems；andtheKing’sEntrancetakesplaceundervolleyingsandcannonadings。
KingridesdirectlytotheSchloss，whichisstillafinehandsomehouse，offtheonestreetofthatpoorVillage，——northsideofstreet；wellrailedoff，anditsoldditchesauddefencesnowtrimmedintoflower—plots。TheSchlossisfullofAustrianOfficers，bustlingabout，intendingtoquarter，whentheKingenters。They，andtheforcetheystillhadinLissa，couldeasilyhavetakenhim:buthowcouldtheyknow？Friedrichwassurprised；
buthadtoputthebestfaceonit。[InKutzen（pp。121，209etseq。）explanationofthetruecircumstances，andsourceofthemistake。]"BONSOIR，MESSIEURS！"saidhe，withagaytone，steppingin:"Istherestillroomleft，thinkyou？"TheAustrians，bowingtothedust，makewayreverentlytothedivinitythathedgesaKingofthissort；mutelyescorthimtothebestroom（suchthepopularaccount）；andforcertainmakeoff，theyandtheirs，towardstheBridge，whichliesalittlefarthereast，attheendoftheVillage。
WeistritzorSchweidnitzWaterisabiggishmuddystreaminthatpart；gushingandeddying；notvoiceless，vexedbymillsandtheirweirs。SomefiringtherewasfromCroatsinthelowerhousesoftheVillage，andtheyhadacannonatthefartherbridge—end；buttheyweregladtogetaway，andvanishinthenight；muddyWeistritzsinginghoarseadieutotheircannonandthem。Prussiangrenadiersplungedindignantintothehouses；madeshortworkofthemusketriesthere。InfewminuteseveryCroatandAustrianwasacross，orsilencedotherwisetoowell；Prussiancannonnowgoingintherearofthem，andcontinuingtogo，——suchhadbeentheorder，"tillthepowderyouhaveisdone。"Fireofmusketryandoccasionalcannonlastsallnight，fromtheLissaorPrussiansideoftheRiver，——"lesttheyburnthisBridge，orattemptsomemischief。"Athingfarfromtheirthoughts，inpresentcircumstances。
ThePrussianhostatSaara，hearingthesenoises，tooktoitsarmsagain；andmarchedaftertheKing。Thickdarkness；silence；
tramp，tramp:——aPrussiangrenadierbrokeout，withsolemntenorvoiceagain，intoChurch—Music；aknownChurch—Hymn，ofthehomelyTE—DEUMkind；inwhichfive—and—twentythousandothervoices，andalltheregimentalbands，soonjoin:——
"NundunketalleGottMitHerzen，MundundHanden，DergrosseDingethutAnunsundallenEnden。"[Muller，p。48。]
"NowthankGod，oneandall，Withheart，withvoice，withhands—a，WhowondersgreathathdoneTousandtoalllands—a。"
Andthustheyadvance；melodious，far—sounding，throughthehollowNight，oncemoreinahighlyremarkablemanner。Apiouspeople，ofrightTeutschstuff，tenderthoughstout；and，exceptperhapsOliverCromwell’shandfulofIronsides，probablythemostperfectsoldierseverseenhitherto。ArrivingattheendofLissa，andfindingallsafeasitshouldbethere，theymaketheirbivouac，theirparallelogramoftwolines，mileslongacrossthefields，leftwingrestingonLissa，rightonGuckerwitz；and——having，I
shouldthink，atleasttobaccotodependon，withabundantstick—
fires，andhealthyjoyfulhearts——passthenightinathankful，comfortablemanner。
LeuthenwasthemostcompleteofallFriedrich’svictories；
twohoursmoreofdaylight，asFriedrichhimselfsays，anditwouldhavebeenthemostdecisiveofthiscentury。[OEuvresdeFrederic，iv。167。]Asitwas，theruinofthisbigArmy，80，000against30，000，["89，200wastheAustrianstrengthbeforetheBattle"（deducttheGarrisonsofSchweidnitzandLiegnitz）:Preuss，ii。109（fromtheSTAFF—OFFICERS）。]wasasgoodastotal；andaworldofAustrianhopessuddenlycollapsed；andalltheirSilesianApparatus，makingsureofSilesiabeyondanIF，wastumbledintowreck，——bythisonestrokeithadgot，smitingthecorner—stoneofitasifwithunexpectedlightning。OnthemorrowafterLeuthen，FriedrichlaidsiegetoBreslau；Karlhadleftagarrisonof17，000init，andastoutCaptain，oneSprecher，determinedondefence:suchinterestshungonBreslau，suchimmensitiesofstoreswereinit，hadtherebeennothingelse。
Friedrich，pushingwithallhisstrength，inspiteofbadweatherandofSprecher’sindustriousdefence，gotitintwelvedays。
[7th—19thDecember:DIARIUM，&c。ofitinHelden—
Geschichte，iv。955—961。]Sprecherhadpostedplacardsonthegallowsandupanddown，terrificallyproclaimingthatanymanconvictedofmentioningsurrendershouldbeinstantlyhanged:
butFriedrich’sbombardmentwasstrong，hisassaultscontinual；
andtheditcheswerethreateningtofreeze。Ontheseventhdayofthesiege，aLaboratoriumblewup；ontheninth，aPowder—Magazine，carryingalumpoftherampartawaywithit。Sprecherhadtocapitulate:PrisonersofWar，we17，000；ourcannons，ammunitions（mostopulent，includingwhatwetookfromBevernlately）；
these，weandBreslaualtogether，alas，itisallyoursagain。
LiegnitzGarrison，seeingnohope，consentedtowithdrawonleave。
[26thDecember:Helden—Geschichte，iv。1016。]
SchweidnitzcannotbebesiegedtillSpringcome:exceptSchweidnitz，MariaTheresa，thehighKaiserinn，hasnofootofgroundinSilesia，whichshethoughttobehersagain。
Goneutterly，Patentsandall；Schweidnitzalonewaitingtillspring。TothelivelyjoyofSilesiaingeneral；tothethrice—
livelysorrowandalarmofcertainindividuals，leadingCatholicEcclesiasticsmainly，whohadmisreadthesignsofthetimesinlatemonths！ThereisoneSchaffgotsch，Archbishoporhead—manofthem，especially，whoisnowinabadway。Neverwassuchroyalfavor；neversuchingratitude，saytheBooksatwearisomelength。
Schaffgotschwasashowymanofquality，nephewofthequondamAustrianGovernor，whomFriedrich，acrossagooddealofPapalandotheropposition，gotpushedintotheCatholicPrimacy，andtooksomepainstomakecomfortablethere，——OrderoftheBlackEagle，guestatPotsdam，andthelike；——havingakindoffancyfortheairySchaffgotsch，aswellasjudginghimsuitableforthisSilesianHigh—Priesthood，withhismoderateideasandqualityways，——whichIhaveheardwerealittledissolutewithal。TothewholeofwhichSchaffgotschprovedsignallytraitorousandingrate；
andhadpluckedofftheBlackEagle（saytheBooks，nearlybreathlessoversuchasacrilege）onsomepublicoccasion，priortoLeuthen，andtrampleditunderhisfeet，theunworthyfellow。
Schaffgotsch’spatheticLettertoFriedrich，inthenewdaysposteriortoLeuthen，andFriedrich’scontemptuousinexorableanswer，wecouldgive，butdonot:whyshouldwe？OKing，Iknowyourdifficulties，andwhatepochitis。But，ofatruth，yourairydissoluteSchaffgotsch，asagrateful"ArchbishopandGrand—Vicar，"
isalmostugliertomethanasaTraitorungratefulforit；
andshallgototheDevilinhisownway！TheywouldnothavehiminAustria；hewasnotwellreceivedatRome；happilydiedbeforelong。[Preuss，ii。113，114；Kutzen，pp。12，155—160，fortherealparticculars。]FriedrichwasnotcrueltoSchaffgotschortheothers，contemptuouslymildrather；butheknewhenceforthwhattoexpectofthem，andslightlychangedthisandthatinhisSilesianmethodsinconsequence。
OfPrinceKarlletusaddaword。OnthemorrowafterLeuthen，CaptainPrincedeLigneandoldPapaD’AhrembergcouldfindlittleornoArmy；theysteptacrosstoGrabschen，avillageonthesafesideoftheLohe，andtherefoundKarlandDaun:"rathersilent，both；oneofthemlooking，’Whowouldhavethoughtit！’theother，’Didn’tItellyou？’"——andknowingnothing，theyeither，wheretheArmywas。Armywas，infact，asyetnowhere。"Croatfellows，inthisFarmsteadofours，"saysDeLigne，"hadfallentoshootingpigeons。"Thenighthadbeenunusuallydark；theAustrianArmyhadsquattedintowoods，intooffice—houses，farm—villages，overawidespaceofcountry；andonlyasthedayrose，begantodribblein。
Bycount，theyarestill50，000；butheart—broken，beatenasmenseldomwere。"Whatsoundisthat？"menaskedyesterdayatBrieg，fortymilesoff；andnobodycouldsay，exceptthatitwassomehugeBattle，fatefulofSilesiaandtheworld。Breslauhaditlouder；
Breslauwasstillmoreanxious。"WhatISallthat？"askedsomebody（mightbeDeblintheShoemaker，foranythingIknow）ofanAustriansentrythere:"That？ThatisthePrussiansgivingussuchabeatingasweneverhad。"WhatnewsforDeblintheShoemaker，ifheisstillaboveground！——
"PrinceKarl，gatheringhisdistractedfragments，put17，000intoBreslaubywayofamplegarrisonthere；andwiththerestmadeoffcircuitouslyforSchweidnitz；thenceforLandshut，anddowntheMountains，hometoKonigsgratz，——selfandArmyinthemostwreckedcondition。ChasedbyZiethen；Ziethen（stickingalwaystothehocksofthem，’asFriedricheagerlyenjoinsonhim；orsometimesitis，’sittingonthebreechesofthem:’foraboutafortnighttocome。
[ElevenRoyalAutographs:inBlumenthal，LifeofDeZiethen（ii。94—111），afeebleincorrectTranslationofthem。]Ziethentook2，000prisoners；noendofbaggages，ofwagonsleftinthedifficultplaces:wildweatherevenforZiethen，stillmoreforKarl，amongtheSilesian—BohemianHill—roads:
heavyrains，deepmuds，thensuddenglass，withcuttingsnow—
blasts:’AnArmynotalittledilapidated，’writesPrinceKarl，almostwithtearsinhiseyes；（Armywithoutlinens，withoutclothes；inconditiontrulysadandpitiable；andhasalways，soclosearetheenemy，toencamp，thoughwithouttents。’
[Kutzen，p。134（"PrinceKarltotheKaiser，December14th"）。]。
DidnotgettoKonigsgratz，andsafeshelter，fortendaysmore。
Counted，atKonigsgratzintheChristmastime，37，000rankandfile，——’22，000ofwhomaregonetohospital，’bytheDoctor’sreport。
"Universalastonishment，indignation，evenincredulity，isthehumoratVienna:thehighKaiserinnherself，keptinthedarkforsometime，becomesdimlyaware；andbyKaiserFranz’sownadvicesherelievesPrinceKarlfromhismilitaryemployments，andappointsDauninstead。PrinceKarlwithdrewtohisGovernmentoftheNetherlands；andwiththeaidofgenerousliquors，andwhatnaturalmagnanimityhehad，spentanoiselesslifethenceforth；
Swordlaidentirelyontheshelf；andimmortalGlory，asofAlexanderandthelike，quitemakingitsexitfromthescene，convivialorother。’ThefirstGeneralintheworld，’soheusedtobetenyearsago，inAustria，inEngland，Holland，thethrice—
greatestofGenerals:butnowhehastriedFriedrichinFivepitchedBattles（Czaslau，Hohenfriedberg，Sohr，thenPrag，thenLeuthen）；——beenbeateneverytime，undereveryformofcircumstance；andnow，atLeuthen，thefifthbeatingissuch，nopublic，howeverignorant，canstanditfarther。Theignorantpublicchangesitslong—earedeulogiesintocontumeliouslyhorridshrieksofcondemnation；inwhichoneisstillfartherfromjoining。
’ThatcrossingoftheRhine，’saysFriedrich，’wasaBELLECHOSE；
butflatterersblewhimintodangerousself—conceit；besides，hewasill—obeyed，asothersofushavebeen。’["PrincedeLigne，MemoiressnrFrederic（Berlin，1789），p。38"（Preuss，ii。
112）。]Adieutohim，poorred—facedsoul；——andgoodliquortohim，——atleastifhecantakeitinmoderation！"
Theastonishmentofallmen，wiseandsimple，atthissuddenoversettingofthesceneofthings，andturningofthegazetteer—
diplomatictheatrebottomuppermost，wasnaturallyextreme，especiallyingazetteeranddiplomaticcircles；andtheadmiration，willingorunwilling，ofFriedrich，insomemostessentialpointsofhim，rosetoahighpitch。Bettersoldier，itisclear，hasnotbeenheardofinthemodernages。Heroicconstancy，couragesuperiortofate:severalclearfeaturesofahero；——pityheweresuchaliarwithal，andignorantofcommonhonesty；thoughtthesimplesort，inabewilderedmanner，endeavoringtoforgetthelatterfeatures，orthinkthemnotirreconcilable。Militaryjudgesofmostvariousquality，downtothisday，pronounceLeuthentobeessentiallythefinestBattleofthecentury；andindeedoneoftheprettiestfeatseverdonebymaninhisFightingCapacity。
Napoleon，forinstance，whohadrunovertheseBattlesofFriedrich（apparentlysomewhatinhaste，butalwayswithaworduponthemwhichisworthgatheringfromsuchasource），speaksthusofLeuthen:"ThisBattleisamasterpieceofmovements，ofmanoeuvres，andofresolution；enoughtoimmortalizeFriedrich，andrankhimamongthegreatestGenerals。Manifests，inthehighestdegree，bothhismoralqualitiesandhismilitary。"[Montholon，
Memoires&c。，deNapoleon，vii。211。ThisNapoleonSUMMARYOFFRIEDRICH’SCAMPAIGNS，andthesebriefBitsofCriticism，arepleasantreading，thoughthefruitevidentlyofslightstudy，anddocredittoNapoleonperhapsstillmorethantoFriedrich。]
HowtheEnglishWalpoles，inParliamentandoutofit；howthePrussianSulzers，D’Argenses，theGazetteerandvaguepublic，mayhavespokenandwrittenatthattime，whenthematterwasfreshandoneverybody’stongue，——judgestillbytwosmallsymptomswhichwehavetoshow:——
1。ALETTEROFFRIEDRICH’STOD’ARGENS（Durgoy，nearBreslau，19thDecember，1757）。——"Yourfriendshipseducesyou，MONCHER；Iambutapaltryknave（POLISSON）incomparisonwith’Alexander，’andnotworthytotietheshoe—latchetsof’Caesar’！Necessity，whoisthemotherofindustry，hasmademeact，andhaverecoursetodesperateremediesinevilsofalikenature。
"Wehavegothere[thisday，bycapitulationofBreslau]fromfourteentofifteenthousandprisoners:sothat，inall，Ihaveabovetwenty—threethousandoftheQueen’stroopsinmyhands，fifteenGenerals，andabovesevenhundredOfficers。’Tisaplasteronmywounds，butitisfarenoughfromhealingthem。
"IamnowaboutmarchingtotheMountainregion，tosettlethechainofquartersthere；andifyouwillcome，youwillfindtheroadsfreeandsafe。IwassorryattheAbbe’streason，"——paltryDePrades，ofwhomweheardenoughalready。[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。47。]
2。APOTTERY—APOTHEOSISOFFRIEDRICH。——"Therestandsonthismantel—piece，"saysoneofmyCorrespondents，theamiableSmelfungus，inshort，whomreadersareacquaintedwith，"asmallChinaMug，notofbadshape；declaringitself，inoneobscurecorner，tobemadeatWorcester，’R。I。，Worcester，1757’（lateintheseason，Ipresume，demandbeingbrisk）；whichexhibits，allroundit，adiligentPotter’s—ApotheosisofFriedrich，hastilygotuptomeetthegeneralenthusiasmofEnglishmankind。Worth，whileitlastsunbroken，amoment’sinspectionfromyouinhurryingalong。
"Frontside，whenyoutakeourMugbythehandlefordrinkingfromit，offersapoorwell—meantChinaPortrait，labelledKINGOF
PRUSSIA:CopyofFriedrich’sPortraitbyPesne，twentyyearstooyoungforthetime，smilingoutnoblyuponyou；uponwhomtheredescendswithrapidityasmallGenius（morelikeaCupidwhohadhastilyforgottenhisbow，andgoesheadforemostonanothererrand）
todropawreathonthisdeservinghead；——wreathfartoosmallforevergettingon（owingtodistance，letushope），thoughtheartlessPaintermakesnosign；andindeedbothGeniusandwreath，ashegivesthem，lookalmostlikeabiginsect，whichtheKingwillbeapttotreatharshlyifhenoticeit。Ontheoppositeside，again，separatedfromFriedrich’sbackbythehandle，isanenormousimageofFame，withwingsfillinghalftheMug，withtwotrumpetsgoingatonce（abass，probably，andatreble），whoflieswithgreatease；andbetweenhereagerfaceendtheunexpectantoneofFriedrich（whois180degreesoff，andknowsnothingofit）
standsacircularTrophy，orImbroglioofdrums，pikes，muskets，cannons，field—flagsandthelike；veryslightlytiedtogether，——
theknot，ifthereisone，beinghiddenbysomefantasticbitofscrollorescutcheon，withaFameandONEtrumpetscratchedonit；
——andhighoutoftheImbrogliorisethreestandardsinscribedwithNames，whichweperceiveareintendedtobenamesofFriedrich’sVictories；standardsnotableatthisday，withNameswhichIwillpunctuallygiveyou。
"Standardfirst，whichfliestothewestwardorleftward，has’Reisberg’（nosuchplaceonthisdistractedglobe，butmeaningBevern’sREICHENBERG，perhaps），——’Reisberg，’’Prague，’’Collin。’
Middlestandardcurvesbeautifullyrounditsstaff，andgivesustoread，’Welham’（non—extant，too；maymeanWELMINAorLobositz），’Rossbach’（verygood），’Breslau’（poorBevern’s，thoughtaVICTORY
inWorcesteratthistime！）。Standardthird，whichfliestoeastwardorrighthand，has’Neumark’（thatis，NEUMARKTandtheAustrianBread—ovens，4thDecember）；’Lissa’（notyetLEUTHENinEnglishnomenclature）；and’Breslau’again，whichmeansthecaptureofBreslauCITYthistime，andisarealsuccess，7th—19thDecember；——givingustheapproximatedate，Christmas，1757，tothishastyMug。AMuggotupfortemporaryEnglishenthusiasm，andtheaccidentalinstructionofposterity。ItisoftolerableChina；
holdsagoodpint，’TotheProtestantHero，withallthehonors；’——
andoffers，inlittle，acuriouseyeholeintothethenEngland，withitsthenlightsandnotions，whichisnowsodeep—hiddenfromus，undervolcanicashes，FrenchRevolutions，andthewrecksofaHundredverydecadentYears。"
ChapterXI。
WINTERINBRESLAU:THIRDCAMPAIGNOPENS。
Friedrich，duringthosegrandvictories，issufferingsadlyinhealth，"COLIQUEDEPUISHUITJOURS，neithersleepnorappetite；"
"eightmonthsofmereanguishesandagitationsdowearonedown。"
Heistiredtoo，hesays，ofthemerebusiness—talk，coarseandrugged，whichhasbeenhisallotmentlately；longsforsomehumanlyroofedkindoflodging，andalittletalkthatshallhaveflavorinit。[LettersofhistoPrinceHenri（December26th，&c。:
OEuvres，xxvi。167，169；Stenzel，v:123）。]ThetroopsonceallintheirWinter—quarters，hesitsdowninBreslauashisownwintering—place:placeofrelaxation，——ofrest，oratleastofchangedlabor，——nomanneedingitmore。Thereforsomethreemonthshehadatolerabletime；perhaps，bycontrast，almostadelightful。
Readersmustimagineit；wehavenodetailsallowedus，noranytimeforthemevenifwehad。
Therecomevariousvisitors，variousgayeties，——King’sBirthday（January24th）；qualityBalls，"atwhichRoyalMajestysometimesdeignedtoshowhimself。"AlivelyBreslau，incomparison。
SisterAmeliapaidabeautifulvisitofafortnightormore:
SisterAmelia，andalongwithher，twomarriedCousins（onceMargravinesofSchwedt），whoseHusbands，littleBrotherFerdinand，andEugenofWurtemberg，arewinteringhere。TheMarquisd’Argens，howexquisitelytreatedweshallsee，isaprincipalfigure；
ExcellencyMitchell，deepinveryimportantbusinessjustnow，isanother。ReaderdeCatt（hewhoonce，inaDutchRiver—Boat，gotintoconversationwiththesnuffygentlemaninblackwig）madehisnewappearance，thisWinter，——needednow，sinceDePradesisoff。
"Shouldyouhaveknownmeagain？"askedFriedrich。"Hardly，inthatdress；besides，yourMajestylooksthinner。""ThatIcanbelieve，withthecursedlifeIhavebeenleading！"[Rodenbeck，i。285。]
Therecamealso，daynotgiven，aCaptainGuichard（"MajorQuintusIcilius"thatistobe）withhisnewBookontheArtMilitaryoftheAncients，MEMOIRESMILITAIRESSURLESGRECSETLESROMAINS；
[aLaHaye，2tomes，4to，1757（Nicolai，Anekdoten，vi。134）]whichcannotbutbewelcometoFriedrich。Asolidaccountofthatmatter，bythefirstmanwhoeverunderstoodbothWarandGreek。FarpreferabletoFolard’s，amanwithoutGreekatall，andwithmilitaryideasnotalittlefantastichereandthere。
OfCaptainGuichard，werehisBookonceread，andhimselfalittleknown，therewillbemoretosay。Forthepresent，fancyhimretainedassupernumerary:——andinregardtoFriedrich’sWintergenerally，acceptthefollowingsmallhints，smallbutdirect:——
FRIEDRICHTOD’ARGENS（threedifferenttimes）。
1。ONTHEROADTOLEUTHEN"（Torgau，15thNovember1757）……IhavebeenobligedtohavetheAbbearrested[DePrades，ofwhomenough，longsince]；hehasbeenplayingthespy，andIhavemanyevidentproofsofit。Thatisveryinfamousandveryungrateful。——Ihavemadeaprodigiousquantityofverses（PRODIGIEUSEMENTDEVERS）。
IfIlive，IwillshowthemyouinWinter—quarters:ifIperish，theyarebequeathedtoyou，andIhaveorderedthattheybeputintoyourhand……
"Adieu，mydearMarquis。Ifancyyoutobeinbed:don’trotthere；——andrememberyouhavepromisedtojoinmeinWinter—quarters；"——onthislatterpointFriedrichisveryurgent，amiablyeager；preparedtowrapthepoorMarquisincotton，andcarryhimandlodgehim，likeglasswithcare。[OEuvresdeFrederic，]xix，43。]Forexample:——
2。WHILESETTLINGTHEWINTER—QUARTERS（"Striegau，26thDecember，1757:"SiegeofBreslaudonetendaysago）……"Whatapleasuretohearyouarecoming！Yourtravellingyoucandoinyourownway。
IhavechosenapartyofLightHorse（JAGER），whowillappearatBerlintoconductyou。Youcanmakeshortjourneys:thefirsttoFrankfurt，thesecondtoCrossen，thethirdtoGrunberg，fourthtoGlogau，fifthtoParchwitz，sixthtoBreslau。Ihavedirectedthathorsesbeorderedforyou，thatyourroomsbewarmedeverywhere，andgoodfowlsreadyonallroads。YourapartmentinthisHouse[RoyalHouseinBreslau，whichtheKinghasbuiltforhimselfyearsago]iscarpeted，hermeticallyshut。Youshallsuffernothingfromdraughtsorfromnoise。"[Ib。xix。48。]——LuckyMarquis；whataLandlord！Cameaccordingly；stayedtilldeepinApril，——waitinglatterlyforweather，Iperceive；longaftertheKinghimselfwasoff。Thus:——
3。FRIEDRICHONTHEFIELDAGAINFORFIVEWEEKSPAST（"Munsterberg，23dApril，1758"）。"Adieu，dearMarquis；IfancyyouarenowinBerlinagain。GotoCharlottenburgwheneverandhowyoulike；takecareofyourself；andbereadyforthebeginningofOctobernext！——
Astome，MONCHER，Iamofftofightwindmillsandostriches（AUTRUCHES），thatis，RussiansandAustrians（AUTRICHIENS）。Adieu，MONCHER。"[OEuvresdeFrederic，xix。49。]
TherecirculatedintheNewspapers，thisWinter，somethingofwhatwascalledaLETTERfromFriedrichtoMariaTheresa，formallyproposingPeace，afterthesemagnificentsuccesses。Andcertainly，ofallthingsintheEarth，FriedrichwouldhavebestlikedPeace，thisyear，lastyear，andforthenextfiveyears:"Gohome，then，goodneighbors；don’tbreakintomyhouse，don’tcutmypoorthroat，andwewillbefriendsagain！"Friedrich，itappears，hadactually，findingormakingopportunity，sentsomepoliteLetter，ofpacifictenor，inhislightcleverway，tothataddress；——notwithoutmomentaryhopesofperhapsgettinggoodfromit。
[InPREUSS，ii。130（Friedrich’sLettermostlygiven；——beareraPrincevanLobkowitz，prisoneratLeuthen，nowgoinghomeonhandsometerms）Stenzel，v。124（forthePER—CONTRAfeeling）。]