Thepicturerepresentsafieldwhichisbeingdeeplytilledbyanimplement，andthewholesomeair，theassociatedideaofhardwork，andthebluish-
blackclodsofearthmakeapleasantimpressiononhim。Hethengoesonandseesaworkoneducationlyingopen……andissurprisedthatsomuchattentionisdevotedinittothesexualfeelingsofchildren，whichmakeshimthinkofme。
Hereisaprettywater-dreamofafemalepatient，whichwasturnedtospecialaccountinthecourseoftreatment。
Atherusualholidayresortonthe……Lake，sheflingsherselfintothedarkwaterataplacewherethepalemoonisreflectedinthewater。
Dreamsofthissortareparturitiondreams；theirinterpretationiseffectedbyreversingthefactrecordedinthemanifestdream-content；
thus，insteadofflingingoneselfintothewater，readcomingoutofthewater-thatis，beingborn。*TheplacefromwhichoneisbornmayberecognizedifonethinksofthehumoroussenseoftheFrenchlalune。Thepalemoonthusbecomesthewhitebottom，whichthechildsoonguessestobetheplacefromwhichitcame。Nowwhatcanbethemeaningofthepatient’swishingtobebornataholidayresort？Iaskedthedreamerthis，andsherepliedwithouthesitation:"Hasn’tthetreatmentmademeasthoughIwerebornagain？"Thusthedreambecomesaninvitationtocontinuethetreatmentatthissummerresort-thatis，tovisitherthere；perhapsitalsocontainsaverybashfulallusiontothewishtobecomeamotherherself。*2-
*Forthemythologicalmeaningofwater-birth，seeRank:DerMythusvonderGeburtdesHelden1909。
*2ItwasnotforalongtimethatIlearnedtoappreciatethesignificanceofthephantasiesandunconsciousthoughtsrelatingtolifeinthewomb。Theycontaintheexplanationofthecuriousdread，feltbysomanypeople，ofbeingburiedalive，aswellastheprofoundestunconsciousreasonforthebeliefinalifeafterdeath，whichrepresentsonlytheprojectionintothefutureofthismysteriouslifebeforebirth。Theactofbirth，moreover，isthefirstexperienceattendedbyanxiety，andisthus，thesourceandmodeloftheaffectofanxiety-
Anotherdreamofparturition，withitsinterpretation，ItakefromapaperbyE。Jones。"Shestoodattheseashorewatchingasmallboy，whoseemedtobehers，wadingintothewater。Thishedidtillthewatercoveredhimandshecouldonlyseehisheadbobbingupanddownnearthesurface。Thescenethenchangedtothecrowdedtohallofanhotel。Herhusbandlefther，andshe’enteredintoconversationwith’astranger。
"Thesecondhalfofthedreamwasdiscoveredintheanalysistorepresentflightfromherhusband，andtheenteringintointimaterelationswithathirdperson，behindwhomwasplainlyindicatedMr。X’sbrother，mentionedinaformerdream。Thefirstpartofthedreamwasafairlyevidentbirth-phantasy。Indreams，asinmythology，thedeliveryofachildfromtheuterinewatersiscommonlyrepresented，bywayofdistortion，astheentryofthechildintowater；amongmanyotherinstances，thebirthsofAdonis，Osiris，Moses，andBacchusarewell-knownillustrationsofthis。
Thebobbingupanddownoftheheadinthewateratoncerecalledtothepatientthesensationofquickeningwhichshehadexperiencedinheronlypregnancy。Thinkingoftheboygoingintothewaterinducedareverieinwhichshesawherselftakinghimoutofthewater，carryinghimintothenursery，washinganddressinghim，andinstallinghiminherhousehold。
"Thesecondhalfofthedream，therefore，representsthoughtsconcerningtheelopement，whichbelongedtothefirsthalfoftheunderlyinglatentcontent；thefirsthalfofthedreamcorrespondedwiththesecondhalfofthelatentcontent，thebirthphantasy。Besidesthisinversionintheorder，furtherinversionstookplaceineachhalfofthedream。
Inthefirsthalfthechildenteredthewater，andthenhisheadbobbed；
intheunderlyingdream-thoughtsthequickeningoccurredfirst，andthenthechildleftthewateradoubleinversion。Inthesecondhalfherhusbandlefther；inthedream-thoughtssheleftherhusband。"
AnotherparturitiondreamisrelatedbyAbraham-thedreamofayoungwomanexpectingherfirstconfinement:Frontonepointoftheflooroftheroomasubterraneanchannelleadsdirectlyintothewaterpathofparturition-amnioticfluid。Sheliftsupatrapinthefloor，andthereimmediatelyappearsacreaturedressedinbrownishfur，whichalmostresemblesaseal。Thiscreaturechangesintothedreamer’syoungerbrother，towhomherrelationhasalwaysbeenmaterialincharacter。
Rankhasshownfromanumberofdreamsthatparturition-dreamsemploythesamesymbolsasmicturition-dreams。Theeroticstimulusexpressesitselfinthesedreamsasinurethralstimulus。Thestratificationofmeaninginthesedreamscorrespondswithachanceinthesignificanceofthesymbolsincechildhood。
WemayhereturnbacktotheinterruptedthemeseechapterIII
ofthepartplayedbyorganic，sleep-disturbingstimuliindream-formation。
Dreamswhichhavecomeintoexistenceundertheseinfluencesnotonlyrevealquitefranklythewish-fulfillingtendency，andthecharacterofconvenience-dreams，buttheyveryoftendisplayaquitetransparentsymbolismaswell，sincewakingnotinfrequentlyfollowsastimuluswhosesatisfactioninsymbolicdisguisehasalreadybeenvainlyattemptedinthedream。Thisistrueofemissiondreamsaswellasthoseevokedbytheneedtourinateordefecate。
Thepeculiarcharacterofemissiondreamspermitsusdirectlytounmaskcertainsexualsymbolsalreadyrecognizedastypical，butneverthelessviolentlydisputed，anditalsoconvincesusthatmanyanapparentlyinnocentdream-situationismerelythesymbolicpreludetoacrudelysexualscene。
This，however，findsdirectrepresentation，asarule，onlyinthecomparativelyinfrequentemissiondreams，whileitoftenenoughturnsintoananxiety-dream，whichlikewiseleadstowaking。
Thesymbolismofdreamsduetourethralstimulusisespeciallyobvious，andhasalwaysbeendivined。HippocrateshadalreadyadvancedthetheorythatadisturbanceofthebladderwasindicatedifonedreamtoffountainsandspringsHavelockEllis。Scherner，whohasstudiedthemanifoldsymbolismoftheurethralstimulus，agreesthat"thepowerfulurethralstimulusalwaysturnsintothestimulationofthesexualsphereanditssymbolicimagery……Thedreamduetourethralstimulusisoftenatthesametimetherepresentativeofthesexualdream。"
O。Rank，whoseconclusionsinhispaperonDieSymbolschichtungimWecktraumIhaveherefollowed，arguesveryplausiblythatalargenumberof"dreamsduetourethralstimulus"arereallycausedbysexualstimuli，whichatfirstseektogratifythemselvesbywayofregressiontotheinfantileformofurethralerotism。Thosecasesareespeciallyinstructiveinwhichtheurethralstimulusthusproducedleadstowakingandtheemptyingofthebladder，whereupon，inspiteofthisrelief，thedreamiscontinued，andexpressesitsneedinundisguisedlyeroticimages。*-
*"Thesamesymbolicrepresentationswhichintheinfantilesenseconstitutethebasisofthevesicaldreamappearintherecentsenseinpurelysexualsignificance:water=urine=semen=amnioticfluid；ship=topumpshipurinate=seed-capsule；gettingwet=enuresis=coitus=pregnancy；swimming=fullbladder=dwelling-placeoftheunborn；rain=urination=symboloffertilization:travelingjourneying-alighting
=gettingoutofbed=havingsexualintercoursehoneymoonjourney；urinating=sexualejaculation"Rank，I，c-
Inaquiteanalogousmannerdreamsduetointestinalstimulusdisclosethepertinentsymbolism，andthusconfirmtherelation，whichisalsoamplyverifiedbyethno-psychology，ofgoldandfeces。*"Thus，forexample，awoman，atatimewhensheisunderthecareofaphysicianonaccountofanintestinaldisorder，dreamsofadiggerforhiddentreasurewhoisburyingatreasureinthevicinityofalittlewoodenshedwhichlookslikearuralprivy。Asecondpartofthedreamhasasitscontenthowshewipestheposteriorofherchild，alittlegirl，whohassoiledherself。"-
*Freud，"CharacterandAnalErotism，"CollectedPapers，II；Rank，DieSymbolschictung，etc。；Dattner，Intern。Zeitschr。f。Psych。i1913；
ReikIntern。Zeitschr。，iii1915-
Dreamsofrescueareconnectedwithparturitiondreams。Torescue，especiallytorescuefromthewater，is，whendreamedbyawoman，equivalenttogivingbirth；thissenseis，however，modifiedwhenthedreamerisaman。*-
*ForsuchadreamseePfister，"EinFallvonpsychoanalytischerSeelensorgeundSeelenheilung，"inEvangelischeFreiheit1909。Concerningthesymbolof"rescuing，"seemypaper，"TheFutureProspectsofPsycho-AnalyticTherapy"p。123above。Also"ContributiontotheTheoryofLove，I:A
SpecialTypeofObjectChoiceinMen"inCollectedPapers，iv。AlsoRank，"BeilegezurRettungs-phantasie，"intheZentralblattfurPsychoanalysei1910，p。331；Reik；"ZurRettungssymbolic，"ibid。，p。299-
Robbers，burglars，andghosts，ofwhichweareafraidbeforegoingtobed，andwhichsometimesevendisturboursleep，originateinoneandthesamechildishreminiscence。Theyarethenightlyvisitorswhohavewakedthechildinordertosetitonthechamber，sothatitmaynotwetthebed，orhaveliftedthecoverletinordertoseeclearlyhowthechildisholdingitshandswhilesleeping。Ihavebeenabletoinduceanexactrecollectionofthenocturnalvisitorintheanalysisofsomeoftheseanxietydreams。Therobberswerealwaysthefather；theghostsmoreprobablycorrespondtofemalepersonsinwhitenight-gowns。
OntoChapter6，SectionF
Freud’s*TheInterpretationofDreams*ChapSix，SectionsFandGBacktoTableofContentsforTheInterpretationofDreamsVI。THEDREAM-WORKcontinuedF。Examples-ArithmeticandSpeechinDreamsBeforeIproceedtoassigntoitsproperplacethefourthofthefactorswhichcontroltheformationofdreams，Ishallciteafewexamplesfrommycollectionofdreams，partlyforthepurposeofillustratingtheco-operationofthethreefactorswithwhichwearealreadyacquainted，andpartlyforthepurposeofadducingevidenceforcertainunsupportedassertionswhichhavebeenmade，orofbringingoutwhatnecessarilyfollowsfromthem。
Ithas，ofcourse，beendifficultintheforegoingaccountofthedream-worktodemonstratemyconclusionsbymeansofexamples。Examplesinsupportofisolatedstatementsareconvincingonlywhenconsideredinthecontextofaninterpretationofadreamasawhole；whentheyarewrestedfromtheircontext，theylosetheirvalue；ontheotherhand，adream-interpretation，evenwhenitisbynomeansprofound，soonbecomessoextensivethatitobscuresthethreadofthediscussionwhichitisintendedtoillustrate。
ThistechnicalconsiderationmustbemyexcuseifInowproceedtomixtogetherallsortsofthingswhichhavenothingincommonexcepttheirreferencetothetextoftheforegoingchapter。
Weshallfirstconsiderafewexamplesofverypeculiarorunusualmethodsofrepresentationindreams。Aladydreamedasfollows:Aservant-girlisstandingonaladderasthoughtocleanthewindows，andhaswithherachimpanzeeandagorillacatlatercorrected，angoracat。Shethrowstheanimalsontothedreamer；thechimpanzeenestlesuptoher，andthisisverydisgusting。Thisdreamhasaccomplisheditspurposebyaverysimplemeans，namely，bytakingamerefigureofspeechliterally，andrepresentingitinaccordancewiththeliteralmeaningofitswords。Monkey，likethenamesofanimalsingeneral，isanopprobriousepithet，andthesituationofthedreammeansmerelytohurlinvectives。Thissamecollectionwillsoonfurnishuswithfurtherexamplesoftheemploymentofthissimpleartificeinthedream-work。
Anotherdreamproceedsinaverysimilarmanner:Awomanwithachildwhichhasaconspicuouslydeformedcranium；thedreamerhasheardthatthechildacquiredthisdeformityowingtoitspositioninitsmother’swomb。Thedoctorsaysthatthecraniummightbegivenabettershapebymeansofcompression，butthatthiswouldinjurethebrain。Shethinksthatbecauseitisaboyitwon’tsuffersomuchfromdeformity。Thisdreamcontainsaplasticrepresentationoftheabstractconcept:Childishimpressions，withwhichthedreamerhasbecomefamiliarinthecourseofthetreatment。
Inthefollowingexamplethedream-workfollowsratheradifferentcourse。ThedreamcontainsarecollectionofanexcursiontotheHilmteich，nearGraz:Thereisaterriblestormoutside；amiserablehotel-thewaterisdrippingfromthewalls，andthebedsaredamp。ThelatterpartofthecontentwaslessdirectlyexpressedthanIgiveit。Thedreamsignifiessuperfluous。Theabstractideaoccurringinthedream-thoughtsisfirstmadeequivocalbyacertainabuseoflanguage；ithasperhapsbeenreplacedbyoverflowing，orbyfluidandsuper-fluid-fluous，andhasthenbeenbroughttorepresentationbyanaccumulationoflikeimpressions。Waterwithin，waterwithout，waterinthebedsintheformofdampness-everythingfluidandsuperfluid。Thatforthepurposesofdream-representationthespellingismuchlessconsideredthanthesoundofwordsoughtnottosurpriseuswhenwerememberthatrhymeexercisesasimilarprivilege。
Thefactthatlanguagehasatitsdisposalagreatnumberofwordswhichwereoriginallyusedinapictorialandconcretesense，butareatpresentusedinacolourlessandabstractfashion，has，incertainothercases，madeitveryeasyforthedreamtorepresentitsthoughts。Thedreamhasonlytorestoretothesewordstheirfullsignificance，ortofollowtheirchangeofmeaningalittlewayback。Forexample，amandreamsthathisfriend，whoisstrugglingtogetoutofaverytightplace，callsuponhimforhelp。Theanalysisshowsthatthetightplaceisahole，andthatthedreamersymbolicallyusestheseverywordstohisfriend:"Becareful，oryou’llgetyourselfintoahole。"*Anotherdreamerclimbsamountainfromwhichheobtainsanextraordinarilyextensiveview。Heidentifieshimselfwithhisbrother，whoiseditingareviewdealingwiththeFarEast。
*EnglishExample-TR。
InadreaminDerGruneHeinrich，aspiritedhorseisplungingaboutinafieldofthefinestoats，everygrainofwhichisreally"asweetalmond，araisinandanewpenny"wrappedinredsilkandtiedwithabitofpig’sbristle。"Thepoetorthedreamerimmediatelyfurnishesthemeaningofthisdream，forthehorsefelthimselfpleasantlytickled，sothatheexclaimed:"Theoatsareprickingme""Ifeelmyoats"。
IntheoldNorsesagasaccordingtoHenzenprolificuseismadeindreamsofcolloquialismsandwittyexpressions；onescarcelyfindsadreamwithoutadoublemeaningoraplayuponwords。
Itwouldbeaspecialundertakingtocollectsuchmethodsofrepresentationandtoarrangetheminaccordancewiththeprinciplesuponwhichtheyarebased。Someoftherepresentationsarealmostwitty。Theygiveonetheimpressionthatonewouldhaveneverguessedtheirmeaningifthedreamerhimselfhadnotsucceededinexplainingit。
1。Amandreamsthatheisaskedforaname，which，however，hecannotrecall。Hehimselfexplainsthatthismeans:"Ishouldn’tdreamofit。"
2。Afemalepatientrelatesadreaminwhichallthepersonsconcernedweresingularlylarge。"Thatmeans，"sheadds，"thatitmustdealwithanepisodeofmyearlychildhood，foratthattimeallgrown-uppeoplenaturallyseemedtomeimmenselylarge。"Sheherselfdidnotappearinthedream。
Thetranspositionintochildhoodisexpresseddifferentlyinotherdreams-bythetranslationoftimeintospace。Oneseespersonsandscenesasthoughatagreatdistance，attheendofalongroad，orasthoughonewerelookingatthemthroughthewrongendofapairofopera-glasses。
3。Amanwhoinwakinglifeshowsaninclinationtoemployabstractandindefiniteexpressions，butwhootherwisehashiswitsabouthim，dreams，inacertainconnection，thathereachesarailwaystationjustasatrainiscomingin。Butthentheplatformmovestowardsthetrain，whichstandsstill；anabsurdinversionoftherealstateofaffairs。Thisdetail，again，isnothingmorethananindicationtotheeffectthatsomethingelseinthedreammustbeinverted。Theanalysisofthesamedreamleadstorecollectionsofpicture-booksinwhichmenwererepresentedstandingontheirheadsandwalkingontheirhands。
4。Thesamedreamer，onanotheroccasion，relatesashortdreamwhichalmostrecallsthetechniqueofarebus。Hisunclegiveshimakissinanautomobile。Heimmediatelyaddstheinterpretation，whichwouldneverhaveoccurredtome:itmeansauto-erotism。Inthewakingstatethismighthavebeensaidinjest。
5。AtaNewYear’sEvedinnerthehost，thepatriarchofthefamily，usheredintheNewYearwithaspeech。Oneofhissons-in-law，alawyer，wasnotinclinedtotaketheoldmanseriously，especiallywheninthecourseofhisspeechheexpressedhimselfasfollows:"WhenIopentheledgerfortheOldYearandglanceatitspagesIseeeverythingontheassetsideandnothing，thanktheLord，onthesideofliability；allyouchildrenhavebeenagreatasset，noneofyoualiability。"OnhearingthistheyounglawyerthoughtofX，hiswife’sbrother，whowasacheatandaliar，andwhomhehadrecentlyextricatedfromtheentanglementsofthelaw。Thatnight，inadream。hesawtheNewYear’scelebrationoncemore，andheardthespeech，orrathersawit。Insteadofspeaking，theoldmanactuallyopenedtheledger，andonthesidemarkedassetshesawhisnameamongstothers，butontheotherside，markedliability，therewasthenameofhisbrother-in-law，X。However，thewordliabilitywaschangedintoLie-Ability，whichheregardedasX’smaincharacteristic。
*
*ReportedbyBrillinhisFundamentalConceptionsofPsychoanalysis。
6。Adreamertreatsanotherpersonforabrokenbone。Theanalysisshowsthatthefracturerepresentsabrokenmarriagevow，etc。
7。Inthedream-contentthetimeofdayoftenrepresentsacertainperiodofthedreamer’schildhood。Thus，forexample，5:15a。m。meanstoonedreamertheageoffiveyearsandthreemonths；whenhewasthatage，ayoungerbrotherwasborn。
8。Anotherrepresentationofageinadream:Awomaniswalkingwithtwolittlegirls；thereisadifferenceoffifteenmonthsintheirages。Thedreamercannotthinkofanyfamilyofheracquaintanceinwhichthisisthecase。Sheherselfinterpretsittomeanthatthetwochildrenrepresentherownperson，andthatthedreamremindsherthatthetwotraumaticeventsofherchildhoodwereseparatedbythisperiodoftime31/2and43/4years。
9。Itisnotastonishingthatpersonswhoareundergoingpsycho-
analytictreatmentfrequentlydreamofit，andarecompelledtogiveexpressionintheirdreamstoallthethoughtsandexpectationsarousedbyit。Theimagechosenforthetreatmentisasarulethatofajourney，usuallyinamotor-car，thisbeingamodernandcomplicatedvehicle；inthereferencetothespeedofthecarthepatient’sironicalhumourisgivenfreeplay。
Iftheunconscious，asanelementofwakingthought，istoberepresentedinthedream，itisreplaced，appropriatelyenough，bysubterraneanlocalities，whichatothertimes，whenthereisnoreferencetoanalytictreatment，haverepresentedthefemalebodyorthewomb。Belowinthedreamveryoftenreferstothegenitals，anditsopposite，above，totheface，mouthorbreast。Bywildbeaststhedream-workusuallysymbolizespassionateimpulses；
thoseofthedreamer，andalsothoseofotherpersonsofwhomthedreamerisafraid；orthus，bymeansofaveryslightdisplacement，thepersonswhoexperiencethesepassions。Fromthisitisnotveryfartothetotemisticrepresentationofthedreadedfatherbymeansofviciousanimals，dogs，wildhorses，etc。Onemightsaythatwildbeastsservetorepresentthelibido，fearedbytheego，andcombatedbyrepression。Eventheneurosisitself，thesickperson，isoftenseparatedfromthedreamerandexhibitedinthedreamasanindependentperson。
Onemaygosofarastosaythatthedream-workmakesuseofallthemeansaccessibletoitforthevisualrepresentationofthedream-thoughts，whethertheseappearadmissibleorinadmissibletowakingcriticism，andthusexposesitselftothedoubtaswellasthederisionofallthosewhohaveonlyhearsayknowledgeofdream-interpretation，buthaveneverthemselvespractisedit。Stekel’sbook，DieSprachedesTraumes，isespeciallyrichinsuchexamples，butIavoidcitingillustrationsfromthisworkastheauthor’slackofcriticaljudgmentandhisarbitrarytechniquewouldmakeeventheunprejudicedobserverfeeldoubtful。
10。FromanessaybyV。Tausk"KleiderundFarbeninDienstederTraumdarstellung，"inInterna。Zeitschr。furPs。A。，ii[1914]:
aAdreamsthatheseeshisformergovernesswearingadressofblacklustre，whichfitscloselyoverherbuttocks。Thatmeanshedeclaresthiswomantobelustful。
bCinadreamseesagirlontheroadtoXbathedinawhitelightandwearingawhiteblouse。
ThedreamerbegananaffairwithaMissWhiteonthisroad。
11。InananalysiswhichIcarriedoutintheFrenchlanguageIhadtointerpretadreaminwhichIappearedasanelephant。InaturallyhadtoaskwhyIwasthusrepresented:"Vousmetrompez，"answeredthedreamerTrompe=trunk。
Thedream-workoftensucceedsinrepresentingveryrefractorymaterial，suchaspropernames，bymeansoftheforcedexploitationofveryremoterelations。InoneofmydreamsoldBruckehassetmeatask。
Imakeapreparation，andpicksomethingoutofitwhichlookslikecrumpledtinfoil。Ishallreturntothisdreamlater。Thecorrespondingassociation，whichisnoteasytofind，isstanniol，andnowIknowthatIhaveinmindthenameoftheauthorStannius，whichappearedonthetitle-pageofatreatiseonthenervoussystemoffishes，whichinmyyouthIregardedwithreverence。Thefirstscientificproblemwhichmyteachersetmedidactuallyrelatetothenervoussystemofafish-theAmmocoetes。Obviously，thisnamecouldnotbeutilizedinthepicture-puzzle。
HereImustnotfailtoincludeadreamwithacuriouscontent，whichisworthnotingalsoasthedreamofachild，andwhichisreadilyexplainedbyanalysis:Aladytellsme:"IcanrememberthatwhenIwasachildIrepeatedlydreamedthatGodworeaconicalpaperhatonHishead。
Theyoftenusedtomakemewearsuchahatattable，sothatIshouldn’tbeabletolookattheplatesoftheotherchildrenandseehowmuchtheyhadreceivedofanyparticulardish。SinceIhadheardthatGodwasomniscient，thedreamsignifiedthatIkneweverythinginspiteofthehatwhichI
wasmadetowear。"
Whatthedream-workconsistsin，anditsunceremonioushandlingofitsmaterial，thedream-thoughts，maybeshowninaninstructivemannerbythenumbersandcalculationswhichoccurindreams。Superstition，bytheway，regardsnumbersashavingaspecialsignificanceindreams。I
shallthereforegiveafewexamplesofthiskindfrommycollection。
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