Heputsomerootsintoapotwithwater,and,whenitwasboiling,placeditonaspotbeneathablanketthrownaroundbothmeandit。
Thisproducednoimmediateeffect;hethengotasmallbundleofdifferentkindsofmedicinalwoods,and,burningtheminapotsherdnearlytoashes,usedthesmokeandhotvaporarisingfromthemasanauxiliarytotheotherincausingdiaphoresisIfondlyhopedthattheyhadamorepotentremedythanourownmedicinesafford;butafterbeingstewedintheirvapor-baths,smokedlikearedherringovergreentwigs,andcharmed`secundemartem’,IconcludedthatIcouldcurethefevermorequicklythantheycan。
Ifweemployawetsheetandamildaperientincombinationwithquinine,inadditiontothenativeremedies,theyareanimportantaidincuringthefever,astheyseemtohavethesamestimulatingeffectsonthealimentarycanalasthesemeanshaveontheexternalsurface。
Purgatives,generalbleedings,orindeedanyviolentremedies,areinjurious;
andtheappearanceofaherpeticeruptionnearthemouthisregardedasanevidencethatnointernalorganisindanger。
Thereisagooddealinnot“givingin“tothisdisease。
Hewhoislow-spirited,andapttodespondateveryattack,willdiesoonerthanthemanwhoisnotofsuchamelancholicnature。
TheMakololohadmadeagardenandplantedmaizeforme,that,astheyremarkedwhenIwaspartingwiththemtoproceedtotheCape,ImighthavefoodtoeatwhenIreturned,aswellasotherpeople。
ThemaizewasnowpoundedbythewomenintofinemealThistheydoinlargewoodenmortars,thecounterpartofwhichmaybeseendepictedontheEgyptianmonuments。*Sekeletuaddedtothisgoodsupplyofmealtenortwelvejarsofhoney,eachofwhichcontainedabouttwogallons。
Liberalsuppliesofground-nuts`Arachishypogoea’werealsofurnishedeverytimethetributarytribesbroughttheirduestoLinyanti,andanoxwasgivenforslaughtereveryweekortwoSekeletualsoappropriatedtwocowstobemilkedforuseverymorningandeveningThiswasinaccordancewiththeacknowledgedrulethroughoutthiscountry,thatthechiefshouldfeedallstrangerswhocomeonanyspecialbusinesstohimandtakeuptheirabodeinhiskotlaApresentisusuallygiveninreturnforthehospitality,but,exceptincaseswheretheiraboriginalcustomshavebeenmodified,nothingwouldbeaskedEuropeansspoilthefeelingthathospitalityisthesacreddutyofthechiefsbywhatinothercircumstancesislaudableconductNosoonerdotheyarrivethantheyoffertopurchasefood,and,insteadofwaitingtillamealispreparedforthemintheevening,cookforthemselves,andthenoftendeclineeventopartakeofthatwhichhasbeenmadereadyfortheiruse。
Apresentisalsogiven,andbeforelongthenativescometoexpectagiftwithouthavingofferedanyequivalent。
*Unfortunately,theillustrationshownwiththisparagraphcannotbeshowninthisASCIIfileIthasthefollowingcaption:
`EgyptianPestleandMortar,Sieves,CornVessels,andKilt,identicalwiththoseinusebytheMakololoandMakalaka。
FromSirGWilkinson’s“AncientEgyptians“。’AL。,1997。
Strangersfrequentlyhaveacquaintancesamongtheunder-chiefs,towhoseestablishmentstheyturnaside,andaretreatedonthesameprinciplethatothersarewhentheyaretheguestsofthechiefSogenerallyisthedutyadmitted,thatoneofthemostcogentargumentsforpolygamyisthatarespectablemanwithonlyonewifecouldnotentertainstrangersasheoughtThisreasonhasespecialweightwherethewomenarethechiefcultivatorsofthesoil,andhavethecontroloverthecorn,asatKolobengThepoor,however,whohavenofriends,oftensuffermuchhunger,andtheverykindattentionSebituanelavishedonallsuchwasoneofthereasonsofhisgreatpopularityinthecountry。
TheMakololocultivatealargeextentoflandaroundtheirvillages。
ThoseofthemwhoarerealBasutosstillretainthehabitsofthattribe,andmaybeseengoingoutwiththeirwiveswiththeirhoesinhand
astateofthingsneverwitnessedatKolobeng,oramonganyotherBechuanaorCaffretribeThegreatchiefMosheshaffordsanexampletohispeopleannuallybynotonlytakingthehoeinhand,butworkinghardwithitoncertainpublicoccasions。
HisBasutosareofthesamefamilywiththeMakololotowhomIrefer。
TheyoungerMakololo,whohavebeenaccustomedfromtheirinfancytolorditovertheconqueredMakalaka,haveunfortunatelynodesiretoimitatetheagriculturaltastesoftheirfathers,andexpecttheirsubjectstoperformallthemanuallaborTheyarethearistocracyofthecountry,andoncepossessedalmostunlimitedpowerovertheirvassals。
Theirprivilegeswere,however,muchabridgedbySebituanehimself。
IhavealreadymentionedthatthetribeswhichSebituanesubjectedinthisgreatcountrypassbythegeneralnameofMakalaka。
TheMakololowerecomposedofagreatnumberofothertribes,aswellasofthesecentralnegroesThenucleusofthewholewereBasuto,whocamewithSebituanefromacomparativelycoldandhillyregioninthesouthWhenheconqueredvarioustribesoftheBechuanas,asBakwains,Bangwaketze,Bamangwato,Batauana,etc。,heincorporatedtheyoungofthesetribesintohisownGreatmortalitybyfeverhavingtakenplaceintheoriginalstock,hewiselyadoptedthesameplanofabsorptiononalargescalewiththeMakalaka。
SowefoundhimwitheventhesonsofthechiefsoftheBarotsecloselyattachedtohisperson;andtheysaytothisday,ifanythingelsebutnaturaldeathhadassailedtheirfather,everyoneofthemwouldhavelaiddownhislifeinhisdefense。
OnereasonfortheirstrongaffectionwastheiremancipationbythedecreeofSebituane,“allarechildrenofthechief。”
TheMakalakacultivatethe`Holcussorghum’,ordura,astheprincipalgrain,withmaize,twokindsofbeans,ground-nuts`Arachishypogoea’,pumpkins,watermelons,andcucumbersTheydependforsuccessentirelyuponrain。
ThosewholiveintheBarotsevalleycultivateinadditionthesugar-cane,sweetpotato,andmanioc`Jatrophamanihot’Theclimatethere,however,iswarmerthanatLinyanti,andtheMakalakaincreasethefertilityoftheirgardensbyrudeattemptsatartificialirrigation。
Theinstrumentofcultureoverallthisregionisahoe,theironofwhichtheBatokaandBanyetiobtainfromtheorebysmelting。
TheamountofironwhichtheyproduceannuallymaybeunderstoodwhenitisknownthatmostofthehoesinuseatLinyantiarethetributeimposedonthesmithsofthosesubjecttribes。
Sekeletureceivestributefromagreatnumberoftribesincornordura,ground-nuts,hoes,spears,honey,canoes,paddles,woodenvessels,tobacco,mutokuane`Cannabissativa’,variouswildfruitsdried,preparedskins,andivoryWhenthesearticlesarebroughtintothekotla,SekeletuhasthehonorofdividingthemamongtheloungerswhousuallycongregatethereAsmallportiononlyisreservedforhimself。
Theivorybelongsnominallytohimtoo,butthisissimplyawayofmakingafairdistributionoftheprofitsThechiefsellsitonlywiththeapprobationofhiscounselors,andtheproceedsaredistributedinopendayamongthepeopleasbeforeHehasthechoiceofeverything;
butifheisnotmoreliberaltoothersthantohimself,helosesinpopularityIhaveknowninstancesinthisandothertribesinwhichindividualsaggrieved,becausetheyhadbeenoverlooked,fledtootherchiefsOnediscontentedperson,havingfledtoLechulatebe,wasencouragedtogotoavillageoftheBapalleng,ontheRiverChoorTso,andabstractedthetributeofivorythencewhichoughttohavecometoSekeletuThistheftenragedthewholeoftheMakololo,becausetheyallfeltittobeapersonalloss。
SomeofLechulatebe’speoplehavingcomeonavisittoLinyanti,ademonstrationwasmade,inwhichaboutfivehundredMakololo,armed,wentthroughamimicfight;theprincipalwarriorspointedtheirspearstowardthelakewhereLechulatebelives,andeverythrustinthatdirectionwasansweredbyallwiththeshout,“Ho-o!”whileeverystabonthegrounddrewoutasimultaneous“Huzz!”Ontheseoccasionsallcapableofbearingarms,eventheold,mustturnoutatthecall。
InthetimeofSebituane,anyoneremaininginhishousewassearchedforandkilledwithoutmercy。
ThisoffenseofLechulatebewasaggravatedbyrepetition,andbyasongsunginhistownaccompanyingthedances,whichmanifestedjoyatthedeathofSebituaneHehadenjoinedhispeopletoliveinpeacewiththoseatthelake,andSekeletufeltdisposedtofollowhisadvice;
butLechulatebehadnowgotpossessionoffire-arms,andconsideredhimselfmorethanamatchfortheMakololoHisfatherhadbeendispossessedofmanycattlebySebituane,and,asforgivenessisnotconsideredamongthevirtuesbytheheathen,LechulatebethoughthehadarighttorecoverwhathecouldAsIhadagooddealofinfluencewiththeMakololo,Ipersuadedthemthat,beforetheycouldhavepeace,theymustresolvetogivethesameblessingtoothers,andtheynevercoulddothatwithoutforgivingandforgettingancientfeuds。
Itishardtomakethemfeelthatsheddingofhumanbloodisagreatcrime;
theymustbeconsciousthatitiswrong,but,havingbeenaccustomedtobloodshedfrominfancy,theyareremarkablycalloustotheenormityofthecrimeofdestroyinghumanlife。
IsentamessageatthesametimetoLechulatebeadvisinghimtogiveupthecoursehehadadopted,andespeciallythesong;
because,thoughSebituanewasdead,thearmswithwhichhehadfoughtwerestillaliveandstrong。
Sekeletu,inordertofollowuphisfather’sinstructionsandpromotepeace,senttencowstoLechulatebetobeexchangedforsheep;
theseanimalsthrivewellinabushycountrylikethataroundthelake,butwillscarcelyliveintheflatprairiesbetweenthenet-workofwatersnorthoftheChobeThemenwhotookthecowscarriedanumberofhoestopurchasegoatsbesidesLechulatebetookthecowsandsentbackanequalnumberofsheepNow,accordingtotherelativevalueofsheepandcowsintheseparts,heoughttohavesentsixtyorseventy。
OneofthemenwhohadhoeswastryingtopurchaseinavillagewithoutformalleavefromLechulatebe;thischiefpunishedhimbymakinghimsitsomehoursonthebroilinghotsandatleast130Deg。。
ThisfartheroffenseputastoptoamicablerelationsbetweenthetwotribesaltogetherItwasacaseinwhichaverysmalltribe,commandedbyaweakandfoolishchief,hadgotpossessionoffire-arms,andfeltconsciousofabilitytocopewithanumerousandwarlikerace。
Suchcasesaretheonlyonesinwhichthepossessionoffire-armsdoesevil。
TheuniversaleffectofthediffusionofthemorepotentinstrumentsofwarfareinAfricaisthesameasamongourselves。
Fire-armsrenderwarslessfrequentandlessbloodyItisindeedexceedinglyraretohearoftwotribeshavinggunsgoingtowarwitheachother;and,asnearlyallthefeuds,inthesouthatleast,havebeenaboutcattle,theriskwhichmustbeincurredfromlongshotsgenerallyprovesapreventivetotheforay。
TheMakololowereprevailedupontokeepthepeaceduringmyresidencewiththem,butitwaseasytoperceivethatpublicopinionwasagainstsparingatribeofBechuanasforwhomtheMakololoentertainedthemostsovereigncontemptTheyoungmenwouldremark,“Lechulatebeisherdingourcowsforus;letusonlygo,weshall`lift’thepriceoftheminsheep。”etc。
AstheMakololoarethemostnortherlyoftheBechuanas,wemayglancebackatthisfamilyofAfricansbeforeenteringonthebranchofthenegrofamilywhichtheMakololodistinguishbythetermMakalakaThenameBechuanaseemsderivedfromthewordChuanaalike,orequal
withthepersonalpronounBatheyprefixed,andthereforemeansfellowsorequalsSomehavesupposedthenametohavearisenfromamistakeofsometraveler,who,onaskingindividualsofthisnationconcerningthetribeslivingbeyondthem,receivedtheanswer,Bachuana,“theyarealike“;meaning,“Theyarethesameasweare“;
andthatthisnamelesstraveler,whoneverwroteawordaboutthem,managedtoingrafthismistakeasagenerictermonanationextendingfromtheOrangeRiverto18Degsouthlatitude。*
*TheMakololohaveconqueredthecountryasfaras14Degsouth,butitisstillpeopledchieflybytheblacktribesnamedMakalaka。