IbelievethatmostoftheBechuananationwouldhavedonethesame。
　　ButIwasassuredthatthepeoplenearthecoast，withwhomthePortuguesehavetodeal，havenotsomuchregardtodurabilityThisprobablyarisesfromcalicobeingthechiefcirculatingmedium；quantitybeingthenofmoreimportancethanquality。
　　Duringtheperiodofmyindisposition，thebishopsentfrequentlytomakeinquiries，and，assoonasIwasabletowalk，IwenttothankhimforhiscivilitiesHiswholeconversationandconductshowedhimtobeamanofgreatbenevolenceandkindnessofheartAlludingtomybeingaProtestant，hestatedthathewasaCatholicfromconviction；
　　andthoughsorrytoseeothers，likemyself，followinganotherpath，heentertainednouncharitablefeelings，norwouldheeversanctionpersecutingmeasuresHecomparedthevarioussectsofChristians，intheirwaytoheaven，toanumberofindividualschoosingtopassdownthedifferentstreetsofLoandatooneofthechurches
　　allwouldarriveatthesamepointatlastHisgoodinfluence，bothinthecityandthecountry，isuniversallyacknowledged：
　　hewaspromotingtheestablishmentofschools，which，thoughformedmoreonthemonasticprinciplethanProtestantsmightapprove，willnodoubtbeablessingHewaslikewisesuccessfullyattemptingtoabolishthenon-marriagecustomofthecountry；andseveralmarriageshadtakenplaceinLoandaamongthosewho，butforhisteaching，wouldhavebeencontentwithconcubinage。
　　StPauldeLoandahasbeenaveryconsiderablecity，butisnowinastateofdecayItcontainsabouttwelvethousandinhabitants，mostofwhomarepeopleofcolor。*Therearevariousevidencesofitsformermagnificence，especiallytwocathedrals，oneofwhich，onceaJesuitcollege，isnowconvertedintoaworkshop；
　　andinpassingtheother，wesawwithsorrowanumberofoxenfeedingwithinitsstatelywallsThreefortscontinueinagoodstateofrepairManylargestonehousesaretobefound。
　　Thepalaceofthegovernorandgovernmentofficesarecommodiousstructures，butnearlyallthehousesofthenativeinhabitantsareofwattleanddaub。
　　Treesareplantedalloverthetownforthesakeofshade，andthecitypresentsanimposingappearancefromthesea。
　　Itisprovidedwithaneffectivepolice，andthecustom-housedepartmentisextremelywellmanagedAllpartiesagreeinrepresentingthePortugueseauthoritiesasbothpoliteandobliging；
　　andifeveranyinconvenienceisfeltbystrangersvisitingtheport，itmustbeconsideredthefaultofthesystem，andnotofthemen。
　　*Fromthecensusof1850-51wefindthepopulationofthiscityarrangedthus：830whites，only160ofwhomarefemales。
　　Thisisthelargestcollectionofwhitesinthecountry，forAngolaitselfcontainsonlyabout1000whites。
　　Thereare2400half-castesinLoanda，andonly120ofthemslaves；
　　andthereare9000blacks，morethan5000ofwhomareslaves。
　　Theharborisformedbythelow，sandyislandofLoanda，whichisinhabitedbyabout1300souls，upwardof600ofwhomareindustriousnativefishermen，whosupplythecitywithabundanceofgoodfishdailyThespacebetweenitandthemainland，onwhichthecityisbuilt，isthestationforships。
　　Whenahighsouthwestwindblows，thewavesoftheoceandashoverpartoftheisland，and，drivinglargequantitiesofsandbeforethem，graduallyfilluptheharborGreatquantitiesofsoilarealsowashedintherainyseasonfromtheheightsabovethecity，sothattheport，whichoncecontainedwatersufficienttofloatthelargestshipsclosetothecustom-house，isnowatlowwaterdry。
　　Theshipsarecompelledtoanchoraboutamilenorthoftheiroldstation。
　　NearlyallthewaterconsumedinLoandaisbroughtfromtheRiverBengobymeansoflaunches，theonlysupplythatthecityaffordsbeingfromsomedeepwellsofslightlybrackishwater。
　　Unsuccessfulattemptshavebeenmadebydifferentgovernorstofinishacanal，whichtheDutch，whileinpossessionofLoandaduringthesevenyearspreceding1648，hadbegun，tobringwaterfromtheRiverCoanzatothecity。
　　ThereisnotasingleEnglishmerchantatLoanda，andonlytwoAmerican。
　　Thisisthemoreremarkable，asnearlyallthecommerceiscarriedonbymeansofEnglishcalicobroughthitherviaLisbon。
　　SeveralEnglishhousesattemptedtoestablishatradeabout1845，andacceptedbillsonRiodeJaneiroinpaymentfortheirgoods，buttheincreasedactivityofourcruisershadsuchaneffectuponthemercantilehousesofthatcitythatmostofthemfailed。
　　TheEnglishmerchantslostall，andLoandagotabadnameinthecommercialworldinconsequence。
　　Oneofthearrangementsofthecustom-housemayhavehadsomeinfluenceinpreventingEnglishtradeShipscomingheremustbeconsignedtosomeoneonthespot；theconsigneereceivesonehundreddollarspermast，andhegenerallymakesagreatdealmoreforhimselfbyputtingapercentageonboatsandmenhiredforloadingandunloading，andoneveryitemthatpassesthroughhishandsTheportchargesarealsorenderedheavybytwentydollarsbeingchargedasaperquisiteofthesecretaryofgovernment，withafeeforthechiefphysician，somethingforthehospital，custom-houseofficers，guards，etc。，etcBut，withallthesedrawbacks，theAmericanscarryonabriskandprofitabletradeincalico，biscuit，flour，butter，etc。，etc。
　　ThePortuguesehomegovernmenthasnotgenerallyreceivedthecreditforsincerityinsuppressingtheslave-tradewhichIconceivetobeitsdue。
　　In1839，myfriendMrGabrielsaw37slave-shipslyinginthisharbor，waitingfortheircargoes，undertheprotectionofthegunsoftheforts。
　　Atthattimeslavershadtowaitmanymonthsatatimeforahumanfreight，andacertainsumperheadwaspaidtothegovernmentforallthatwereexportedThedutiesderivedfromtheexportationofslavesfarexceededthosefromothercommerce，and，byagreeingtothesuppressionofthisprofitabletraffic，thegovernmentactuallysacrificedthechiefpartoftheexportrevenueSincethatperiod，however，therevenuefromlawfulcommercehasverymuchexceededthatonslaves。
　　TheintentionsofthehomePortuguesegovernment，howevergood，cannotbefullycarriedoutunderthepresentsystemThepayoftheofficersissoverysmallthattheyarenearlyallobligedtoengageintrade；
　　and，owingtothelucrativenatureoftheslave-trade，thetemptationtoengageinitissopowerful，thatthephilanthropicstatesmenofLisbonneedhardlyexpecttohavetheirhumaneandenlightenedviewscarriedout。
　　Thelaw，forinstance，latelypromulgatedfortheabolitionofthecarriersystemcarregadoresisbutoneofseveralequallyhumaneenactmentsagainstthismodeofcompulsorylabor，butthereisverylittleprobabilityofthebenevolentintentionsoftheLegislaturebeingcarriedintoeffect。
　　Loandaisregardedsomewhatasapenalsettlement，andthosewholeavetheirnativelandforthiscountrydosowiththehopeofgettingrichinafewyears，andthenreturninghomeTheyhavethusnomotiveforseekingthepermanentwelfareofthecountry。
　　ThePortugueselawpreventingthesubjectsofanyothernationfromholdinglandedpropertyunlesstheybecomenaturalized，thecountryhasneithertheadvantageofnativenorforeignenterprise，andremainsverymuchinthesamestateasouralliesfounditin1575。
　　NearlyalltheEuropeansoldierssentoutareconvicts，and，contrarytowhatmightbeexpectedfrommenintheirposition，behaveremarkablywellAfewriotshaveoccurred，butnothingatallsoseriousashavetakenplaceinourownpenalsettlements。
　　ItisaremarkablefactthatthewholeofthearmsofLoandaareeverynightinthehandsofthosewhohavebeenconvicts。
　　Variousreasonsforthismildbehaviorareassignedbytheofficers，butnoneofthese，whenviewedinconnectionwithourownexperienceinAustralia，appeartobevalidReligionseemstohavenoconnectionwiththechangePerhapstheclimatemayhavesomeinfluenceinsubduingtheirturbulentdisposition，fortheinhabitantsgenerallyareatimidrace；
　　theyarenothalfsobraveasourCaffresThepeopleofAmbrizranawaylikeaflockofsheep，andallowedthePortuguesetotakepossessionoftheircopperminesandcountrywithoutstrikingablow。
　　Ifwemusthaveconvictsettlements，attentiontotheclimatemightbeofadvantageintheselectionHereevenbullsaremuchtamerthanwithusInevermetwithaferociousoneinthiscountry，andthePortugueseusethemgenerallyforriding；anoxisseldomseen。
　　TheobjectswhichIhadinviewinopeningupthecountry，asstatedinafewnotesofmyjourney，publishedinthenewspapersofAngola，socommendedthemselvestothegeneralgovernmentandmerchantsofLoanda，that，attheinstanceofhisexcellencythebishop，ahandsomepresentforSekeletuwasgrantedbytheBoardofPublicWorksJuntadaFazendaPublicaItconsistedofacolonel’scompleteuniformandahorseforthechief，andsuitsofclothingforallthemenwhoaccompaniedmeThemerchantsalsomadeapresent，bypublicsubscription，ofhandsomespecimensofalltheirarticlesoftrade，andtwodonkeys，forthepurposeofintroducingthebreedintohiscountry，astsetsecannotkillthisbeastofburdenThesepresentswereaccompaniedbylettersfromthebishopandmerchants；andIwaskindlyfavoredwithlettersofrecommendationtothePortugueseauthoritiesinEasternAfrica。
　　Itookwithmeagoodstockofcottoncloth，freshsuppliesofammunitionandbeads，andgaveeachofmymenamusket。
　　Asmycompanionshadamassedconsiderablequantitiesofgoods，theywereunabletocarrymine，butthebishopfurnishedmewithtwentycarriers，andsentforwardorderstoallthecommandantsofthedistrictsthroughwhichweweretopasstorendermeeveryassistanceintheirpowerBeingnowsuppliedwithagoodnewtentmadebymyfriendsonboardthePhilomel，weleftLoandaonthe20thofSeptember，1854，andpassedroundbyseatothemouthoftheRiverBengo。
　　Ascendingthisriver，wewentthroughthedistrictinwhichstandtheruinsoftheconventofStAntonio；thenceintoIcolloiBengo，whichcontainsapopulationof6530blacks，172mulattoes，and11whites，andissonamedfromhavingbeentheresidenceofaformernativeking。
　　Theproportionofslavesisonly3。38percentoftheinhabitants。
　　Thecommandantofthisplace，LaurenceJoseMarquis，isafrankoldsoldierandamosthospitableman；heisoneofthefewwhosecuretheuniversalapprobationoftheirfellow-menforstern，unflinchinghonesty，andhasrisenfromtherankstobeamajorinthearmy。
　　Wewereaccompaniedthusfarbyourgeneroushost，EdmundGabriel，Esq。，who，byhisunweariedattentionstomyself，andliberalityinsupportingmymen，hadbecomeendearedtoallourheartsMymenwerestronglyimpressedwithasenseofhisgoodness，andoftenspokeofhimintermsofadmirationallthewaytoLinyanti。
　　Whileherewevisitedalargesugarmanufactorybelongingtoalady，DonnaAnnadaSousaTheflatalluviallandsonthebanksoftheSenzaorBengoarewelladaptedforraisingsugar-cane，andthisladyhadasurprisingnumberofslaves，butsomehowtheestablishmentwasfarfrombeinginaflourishingconditionItpresentedsuchacontrasttothefree-laborestablishmentsoftheMauritius，whichIhavesinceseen，where，withnotonetenthofthenumberofhands，orsuchgoodsoil，amanofcolorhad，inoneyear，cleared5000Poundsbyasinglecrop，thatIquotethefact，inhopesitmaymeettheeyeofDonnaAnna。
　　Thewateroftheriverismuddy，anditisobservedthatsuchrivershavemanymoremosquitoesthanthosewhichhaveclearwater。
　　Itwasremarkedtousherethattheseinsectsaremuchmorenumerousattheperiodofnewmoonthanatothertimes；atanyrate，wewereallthankfultogetawayfromtheSenzaanditsinsectplagues。
　　Thewholeofthispartofthecountryiscomposedofmarlytufa，containingthesamekindofshellsasthoseatpresentaliveintheseas。
　　Asweadvancedeastwardandascendedthehigherlands，wefounderuptivetrap，whichhadtiltedupimmensemassesofmicaandsandstoneschists。
　　Themicaschistalmostalwaysdippedtowardtheinteriorofthecountry，formingthosemountainrangesofwhichwehavealreadyspokenasgivingahighlandcharactertothedistrictofGolungoAlto。
　　Thetraphasfrequentlyrunthroughthegorgesmadeintheupheavedrocks，andatthepointsofjunctionbetweentheigneousandolderrockstherearelargequantitiesofstronglymagneticironore。