Butthoughwefeelnopropersympathywithanattachmentofthiskind，thoughweneverapproacheveninimaginationtowardsconceivingapassionforthatparticularperson，yetasweeitherhaveconceived，ormaybedisposedtoconceive，passionsofthesamekind，wereadilyenterintothosehighhopesofhappinesswhichareproposedfromitsgratification，aswellasintothatexquisitedistresswhichisfearedfromitsdisappointment。Itinterestsusnotasapassion，butasasituationthatgivesoccasiontootherpassionswhichinterestus；tohope，tofear，andtodistressofeverykind:inthesamemannerasinadescriptionofaseavoyage，itisnotthehungerwhichinterestsus，butthedistresswhichthathungeroccasions。Thoughwedonotproperlyenterintotheattachmentofthelover，wereadilygoalongwiththoseexpectationsofromantichappinesswhichhederivesfromit。Wefeelhownaturalitisforthemind，inacertainsituation，relaxedwithindolence，andfatiguedwiththeviolenceofdesire，tolongforserenityandquiet，tohopetofindtheminthegratificationofthatpassionwhichdistractsit，andtoframetoitselftheideaofthatlifeofpastoraltranquillityandretirementwhichtheelegant，thetender，andthepassionateTibullustakessomuchpleasureindescribing；alifelikewhatthepoetsdescribeintheFortunateIslands，alifeoffriendship，liberty，andrepose；freefromlabour，andfromcare，andfromalltheturbulentpassionswhichattendthem。
　　Evenscenesofthiskindinterestusmost，whentheyarepaintedratheraswhatishoped，thanaswhatisenjoyed。Thegrossnessofthatpassion，whichmixeswith，andis，perhaps，thefoundationoflove，disappearswhenitsgratificationisfaroffandatadistance；butrendersthewholeoffensive，whendescribedaswhatisimmediatelypossessed。Thehappypassion，uponthisaccount，interestsusmuchlessthanthefearfulandthemelancholy。Wetrembleforwhatevercandisappointsuchnaturalandagreeablehopes:andthusenterintoalltheanxiety，andconcern，anddistressofthelover。
　　Henceitis，that，insomemoderntragediesandromances，thispassionappearssowonderfullyinteresting。ItisnotsomuchtheloveofCastalioandMonimiawhichattachesusintheOrphan，asthedistresswhichthatloveoccasions。Theauthorwhoshouldintroducetwolovers，inasceneofperfectsecurity，expressingtheirmutualfondnessforoneanother，wouldexcitelaughter，andnotsympathy。Ifasceneofthiskindiseveradmittedintoatragedy，itisalways，insomemeasure，improper，andisendured，notfromanysympathywiththepassionthatisexpressedinit，butfromconcernforthedangersanddifficultieswithwhichtheaudienceforeseethatitsgratificationislikelytobeattended。
　　Thereservewhichthelawsofsocietyimposeuponthefairsex，withregardtothisweakness，rendersitmorepeculiarlydistressfulinthem，and，uponthatveryaccount，moredeeplyinteresting。WearecharmedwiththeloveofPhaedra，asitisexpressedintheFrenchtragedyofthatname，notwithstandingalltheextravaganceandguiltwhichattendit。Thatveryextravaganceandguiltmaybesaid，insomemeasure，torecommendittous。Herfear，hershame，herremorse，herhorror，herdespair，becometherebymorenaturalandinteresting。Allthesecondarypassions，ifImaybeallowedtocallthemso，whicharisefromthesituationoflove，becomenecessarilymorefuriousandviolent；anditiswiththesesecondarypassionsonlythatwecanproperlybesaidtosympathize。
　　Ofallthepassions，however，whicharesoextravagantlydisproportionedtothevalueoftheirobjects，loveistheonlyonethatappears，eventotheweakestminds，tohaveanythinginitthatiseithergracefuloragreeable。Initself，firstofall，thoughitmayberidiculous，itisnotnaturallyodious；andthoughitsconsequencesareoftenfatalanddreadful，itsintentionsareseldommischievous。Andthen，thoughthereislittleproprietyinthepassionitself，thereisagooddealinsomeofthosewhichalwaysaccompanyit。Thereisinloveastrongmixtureofhumanity，generosity，kindness，friendship，esteem；passionswithwhich，ofallothers，forreasonswhichshallbeexplainedimmediately，wehavethegreatestpropensitytosympathize，evennotwithstandingwearesensiblethattheyare，insomemeasure，excessive。Thesympathywhichwefeelwiththem，rendersthepassionwhichtheyaccompanylessdisagreeable，andsupportsitinourimagination，notwithstandingalltheviceswhichcommonlygoalongwithit；thoughintheonesexitnecessarilyleadstothelastruinandinfamy；andthoughintheother，whereitisapprehendedtobeleastfatal，itisalmostalwaysattendedwithanincapacityforlabour，aneglectofduty，acontemptoffame，andevenofcommonreputation。
　　Notwithstandingallthis，thedegreeofsensibilityandgenerositywithwhichitissupposedtobeaccompanied，rendersittomanytheobjectofvanity。andtheyarefondofappearingcapableoffeelingwhatwoulddothemnohonouriftheyhadreallyfeltit。
　　Itisforareasonofthesamekind，thatacertainreserveisnecessarywhenwetalkofourownfriends，ourownstudies，ourownprofessions。Alltheseareobjectswhichwecannotexpectshouldinterestourcompanionsinthesamedegreeinwhichtheyinterestus。Anditisforwantofthisreserve，thattheonehalfofmankindmakebadcompanytotheother。Aphilosopheriscompanytoaphilosopher，only。thememberofaclub，tohisownlittleknotofcompanions。
　　OftheunsocialPassionsThereisanothersetofpassions，which，thoughderivedfromtheimagination，yetbeforewecanenterintothem，orregardthemasgracefulorbecoming，mustalwaysbebroughtdowntoapitchmuchlowerthanthattowhichundisciplinednaturewouldraisethem。Theseare，hatredandresentment，withalltheirdifferentmodifications。Withregardtoallsuchpassions，oursympathyisdividedbetweenthepersonwhofeelsthem，andthepersonwhoistheobjectofthem。Theinterestsofthesetwoaredirectlyopposite。Whatoursympathywiththepersonwhofeelsthemwouldpromptustowishfor，ourfellow-feelingwiththeotherwouldleadustofear。Astheyarebothmen，weareconcernedforboth，andourfearforwhattheonemaysuffer，dampsourresentmentforwhattheotherhassuffered。Oursympathy，therefore，withthemanwhohasreceivedtheprovocation，necessarilyfallsshortofthepassionwhichnaturallyanimateshim，notonlyuponaccountofthosegeneralcauseswhichrenderallsympatheticpassionsinferiortotheoriginalones，butuponaccountofthatparticularcausewhichispeculiartoitself，ouroppositesympathywithanotherperson。
　　Beforeresentment，therefore，canbecomegracefulandagreeable，itmustbemorehumbledandbroughtdownbelowthatpitchtowhichitwouldnaturallyrise，thanalmostanyotherpassion。
　　Mankind，atthesametime，haveaverystrongsenseoftheinjuriesthataredonetoanother。Thevillain，inatragedyorromance，isasmuchtheobjectofourindignation，astheheroisthatofoursympathyandaffection。WedetestIagoasmuchasweesteemOthello；anddelightasmuchinthepunishmentoftheone，aswearegrievedatthedistressoftheother。Butthoughmankindhavesostrongafellow-feelingwiththeinjuriesthataredonetotheirbrethren，theydonotalwaysresentthemthemorethatthesuffererappearstoresentthem。Uponmostoccasions，thegreaterhispatience，hismildness，hishumanity，provideditdoesnotappearthathewantsspirit，orthatfearwasthemotiveofhisforbearance，thehighertheirresentmentagainstthepersonwhoinjuredhim。Theamiablenessofthecharacterexasperatestheirsenseoftheatrocityoftheinjury。
　　Thosepassions，however，areregardedasnecessarypartsofthecharacterofhumannature。Apersonbecomescontemptiblewhotamelysitsstill，andsubmitstoinsults，withoutattemptingeithertorepelortorevengethem。Wecannotenterintohisindifferenceandinsensibility。wecallhisbehaviourmean-spiritedness，andareasreallyprovokedbyitasbytheinsolenceofhisadversary。Eventhemobareenragedtoseeanymansubmitpatientlytoaffrontsandillusage。Theydesiretoseethisinsolenceresented，andresentedbythepersonwhosuffersfromit。Theycrytohimwithfury，todefend，ortorevengehimself。Ifhisindignationrousesatlast，theyheartilyapplaud，andsympathizewithit。Itenlivenstheirownindignationagainsthisenemy，whomtheyrejoicetoseehimattackinhisturn，andareasreallygratifiedbyhisrevenge，provideditisnotimmoderate，asiftheinjuryhadbeendonetothemselves。
　　Butthoughtheutilityofthosepassionstotheindividual，byrenderingitdangeroustoinsultorinjurehim，beacknowledged；andthoughtheirutilitytothepublic，astheguardiansofjustice，andoftheequalityofitsadministration，benotlessconsiderable，asshallbeshewnhereafter；yetthereisstillsomethingdisagreeableinthepassionsthemselves，whichmakestheappearanceoftheminothermenthenaturalobjectofouraversion。Theexpressionofangertowardsanybodypresent，ifitexceedsabareintimationthatwearesensibleofhisillusage，isregardednotonlyasaninsulttothatparticularperson，butasarudenesstothewholecompany。Respectforthemoughttohaverestrainedusfromgivingwaytosoboisterousandoffensiveanemotion。Itistheremoteeffectsofthesepassionswhichareagreeable；theimmediateeffectsaremischieftothepersonagainstwhomtheyaredirected。Butitistheimmediate，andnottheremoteeffectsofobjectswhichrenderthemagreeableordisagreeabletotheimagination。Aprisoniscertainlymoreusefultothepublicthanapalace；andthepersonwhofoundstheoneisgenerallydirectedbyamuchjusterspiritofpatriotism，thanhewhobuildstheother。Buttheimmediateeffectsofaprison，theconfinementofthewretchesshutupinit，aredisagreeable；andtheimaginationeitherdoesnottaketimetotraceouttheremoteones，orseesthemattoogreatadistancetobemuchaffectedbythem。Aprison，therefore，willalwaysbeadisagreeableobject；andthefitteritisforthepurposeforwhichitwasintended，itwillbethemoreso。Apalace，onthecontrary，willalwaysbeagreeable；yetitsremoteeffectsmayoftenbeinconvenienttothepublic。Itmayservetopromoteluxury，andsettheexampleofthedissolutionofmanners。Itsimmediateeffects，however，theconveniency，thepleasure，andthegaietyofthepeoplewholiveinit，beingallagreeable，andsuggestingtotheimaginationathousandagreeableideas，thatfacultygenerallyrestsuponthem，andseldomgoesfurtherintracingitsmoredistantconsequences。Trophiesoftheinstrumentsofmusicorofagriculture，imitatedinpaintingorinstucco，makeacommonandanagreeableornamentofourhallsanddining-rooms。Atrophyofthesamekind，composedoftheinstrumentsofsurgery，ofdissectingandamputation-knives，ofsawsforcuttingthebones，oftrepanninginstruments，etc。wouldbeabsurdandshocking。Instrumentsofsurgery，however，arealwaysmorefinelypolished，andgenerallymorenicelyadaptedtothepurposesforwhichtheyareintended，thaninstrumentsofagriculture。Theremoteeffectsofthemtoo，thehealthofthepatient，isagreeable；yetastheimmediateeffectofthemispainandsuffering，thesightofthemalwaysdispleasesus。
　　Instrumentsofwarareagreeable，thoughtheirimmediateeffectmayseemtobeinthesamemannerpainandsuffering。Butthenitisthepainandsufferingofourenemies，withwhomwehavenosympathy。Withregardtous，theyareimmediatelyconnectedwiththeagreeableideasofcourage，victory，andhonour。Theyarethemselves，therefore，supposedtomakeoneofthenoblestpartsofdress，andtheimitationofthemoneofthefinestornamentsofarchitecture。Itisthesamecasewiththequalitiesofthemind。Theancientstoicswereofopinion，thatastheworldwasgovernedbytheall-rulingprovidenceofawise，powerful，andgoodGod，everysingleeventoughttoberegarded，asmakinganecessarypartoftheplanoftheuniverse，andastendingtopromotethegeneralorderandhappinessofthewhole:thatthevicesandfolliesofmankind，therefore，madeasnecessaryapartofthisplanastheirwisdomortheirvirtue；andbythateternalartwhicheducesgoodfromill，weremadetotendequallytotheprosperityandperfectionofthegreatsystemofnature。Nospeculationofthiskind，however，howdeeplysoeveritmightberootedinthemind，coulddiminishournaturalabhorrenceforvice，whoseimmediateeffectsaresodestructive，andwhoseremoteonesaretoodistanttobetracedbytheimagination。