Inthelargeboxinwhichtheprecedingbonesare，isasmallonecontainingapromiscuousmassofsmallbones，chieflyofthefeet。
　　Inthelargeirregular-shapedbox，atuskoflargesize。Thespiraltwistinallthespecimensofthesetuskswhichwehaveseen，wasremarkedsolongagoasthetimeofBreyneus，inhisdescriptionofthetusksoftheSiberianmammothinthePhilosophicalTransactions，ifthatpaperisrightlyrecollected，forthebookisnotheretobeturnedtoatpresent。ManyfragmentsoftuskshavebeensentfromtheOhio，generallyresemblingportionsofsuchtusksasarebroughttousinthecourseofcommerce。Butofthesespiraltusks，inatolerablecompletestate，wehavehadonlyfour。OnewasfoundneartheheadofthenorthbranchoftheSusquehanna。AsecondpossessedbyMr。Peale，wasfoundwiththeskeleton，neartheHudson。
　　AthirdisatMonticello，foundwiththebonesofthiscollectionattheBig-bonelickofOhio，andthefourthisthatnowsentfortheInstitute，foundatthesameplaceandlargerthanthatatMonticello。
　　Thesmallestboxcontainsthehornsofthemountainram，andskinofthefleecygoat。
　　PLOUGHS
　　_ToMonsieurSylvestre_
　　_Washington，July15，1808_
　　SIR，——IhadreceivedfromyouonaformeroccasionthefourfirstvolumesoftheMemoirsoftheAgriculturalSocietyoftheSeine，andsincethat，yourletterofSeptember19th，withthe6th，7th，8ths，and9thvolumes，beingfortheyears1804’5’6，withsomeseparatememoirs。TheseIhavereadwithgreatavidityandsatisfaction，andnowreturnyoumythanksforthem。ButIoweparticularacknowledgmentsforthevaluablepresentoftheTheatredeDeSerres，whichIconsiderasaprodigyfortheageinwhichitwascomposed，andshowsanadvancementinthescienceofagriculturewhichIhadneversuspectedtohavebelongedtothattime。Broughtdowntothepresentdaybytheveryvaluablenotesadded，itisreallysuchatreasureofagriculturalknowledge，ashasnotbeforebeenofferedtotheworldinasinglework。
　　Itisnotmerelyformyself，butformycountry，thatImustdohomagetothephilanthropyoftheSociety，whichhasdictatedtheirdestinationformeoftheirnewly-improvedplough。Ishallcertainlysouseitastoanswertheirliberalviews，bymakingtheopportunitiesofprofitingbyitasgeneralaspossible。
　　IhavejustreceivedinformationthataploughaddressedtomehasarrivedatNewYork，_fromEngland_，butunaccompaniedbyanyletterorotherexplanation。AsIhavehadnointimationofsuchanarticletobeforwardedtomefromthatcountry，IpresumeitistheonesentbytheSocietyoftheSeine，thatithasbeencarriedintoEnglandundertheirordersofcouncil，andpermittedtocomeonfromthence。ThisIshallknowwithinashorttime。IshallwithgreatpleasureattendtotheconstructionandtransmissiontotheSocietyofaploughwithmymouldboard。ThisistheonlypartofthatusefulinstrumenttowhichIhavepaidanyparticularattention。Butknowinghowmuchtheperfectionoftheploughmustdepend，1st，onthelineoftraction；2d，onthedirectionoftheshare；3d，ontheangleofthewing；4th，ontheformofthemould-board；andpersuadedthatIshallfindthethreefirstadvantageseminentlyexemplifiedinthatwhichtheSocietysendsme，Iamanxioustoseecombinedwiththeseamould-boardofmyform，inthehopeitwillstilladvancetheperfectionofthatmachine。ButforthisImustasktimetillIamrelievedfromthecareswhichhavenowarighttoallmytime，thatistosay，tillthenextSpring。Thengiving，intheleisureofretirement，allthetimeandattentionthisconstructionmeritsandrequires，IwillcertainlyrendertotheSocietytheresultinaploughofthebestformIshallbeabletohaveexecuted。Inthemeantime，acceptforthemandyourselftheassurancesofmyhighrespectandconsideration。
　　EDUCATIONOFAGRANDSON
　　_ToThomasJeffersonRandolph_
　　_Washington，Nov。24th，1808_
　　MYDEARJEFFERSON——IhavejustrecievedtheinclosedletterundercoverfromMr。BankheadwhichIpresumeisfromAnneandwillinformyousheiswell。Mr。BankheadhasconsentedtogoandpursuehisstudiesatMonticello，andlivewithustillhispursuitsorcircumstancesmayrequireaseparateestablishment。Yoursituation，thrownatsuchadistancefromusandalone，cannotbutgiveusall，greatanxietiesforyou。Asmuchhasbeensecuredforyou，byyourparticularpositionandtheacquaintancetowhichyouhavebeenrecommended，ascouldbedonetowardsshieldingyoufromthedangerswhichsurroundyou。Butthrownonawideworld，amongentirestrangerswithoutafriendorguardiantoadvisesoyoungtooandwithsolittleexperienceofmankind，yourdangersaregreat，andstillyoursafetymustrestonyourself。Adeterminationnevertodowhatiswrong，prudence，andgoodhumor，willgofartowardssecuringtoyoutheestimationoftheworld。WhenIrecollectthatat14。
　　yearsofage，thewholecareanddirectionofmyselfwasthrownonmyselfentirely，withoutarelationorfriendqualifiedtoadviseorguideme，andrecollectthevarioussortsofbadcompanywithwhichI
　　associatedfromtimetotime，IamastonishedIdidnotturnoffwithsomeofthem，andbecomeasworthlesstosocietyastheywere。Ihadthegoodfortunetobecomeacquaintedveryearlywithsomecharactersofveryhighstanding，andtofeeltheincessantwishthatIcouldevenbecomewhattheywere。Undertemptationsanddifficulties，I
　　couldaskmyselfwhatwouldDr。Small，Mr。Wythe，PeytonRandolphdointhissituation?Whatcourseinitwillensuremetheirapprobation?Iamcertainthatthismodeofdecidingonmyconducttendedmoretoit’scorrectnessthananyreasoningpowersI
　　possessed。Knowingtheevenanddignifiedlinetheypursued，Icouldneverdoubtforamomentwhichoftwocourseswouldbeincharacterforthem。Whereasseekingthesameobjectthroughaprocessofmoralreasoning，andwiththejaundicedeyeofyouth，Ishouldoftenhaveerred。FromthecircumstancesofmypositionIwasoftenthrownintothesocietyofhorseracers，cardplayers，Foxhunters，scientificandprofessionalmen，andofdignifiedmen；andmanyatimehaveIaskedmyself，intheenthusiasticmomentofthedeathofafox，thevictoryofafavoritehorse，theissueofaquestioneloquentlyarguedatthebarorinthegreatCouncilofthenation，well，whichofthesekindsofreputationshouldIprefer?Thatofahorsejockey?Afoxhunter?
　　AnOrator?Orthehonestadvocateofmycountry’srights?BeassuredmydearJefferson，thattheselittlereturnsintoourselves，thisself-cathechisinghabit，isnottrifling，noruseless，butleadstotheprudentselectionandsteadypursuitsofwhatisright?I
　　havementionedgoodhumorasoneofthepreservativesofourpeaceandtranquillity。Itisamongthemosteffectual，andit’seffectissowellimitatedandaidedartificiallybypoliteness，thatthisalsobecomesanacquisitionoffirstratevalue。Intruth，politenessisartificialgoodhumor，itcoversthenaturalwantofit，andendsbyrenderinghabitualasubstitutenearlyequivalenttotherealvirtue。
　　Itisthepracticeofsacrificingtothosewhomwemeetinsocietyallthelittleconveniencesandpreferenceswhichwillgratifythem，anddepriveusofnothingworthamoment’sconsideration；itisthegivingapleasingandflatteringturntoourexpressionswhichwillconciliateothers，andmakethempleasedwithusaswellasthemselves。Howcheapapriceforthegoodwillofanother！Whenthisisinreturnforarudethingsaidbyanother，itbringshimtohissenses，itmortifiesandcorrectshiminthemostsalutaryway，andplaceshimatthefeetofyourgoodnatureintheeyesofthecompany。ButinstatingprudentialrulesforourgovernmentinsocietyImustnotomittheimportantoneofneverenteringintodisputeorargumentwithanother。Ineveryetsawaninstanceofoneoftwodisputantsconvincingtheotherbyargument。Ihaveseenmanyontheirgettingwarm，becomingrude，andshootingoneanother。
　　Convictionistheeffectofourowndispassionatereasoning，eitherinsolitude，orweighingwithinourselvesdispassionatelywhatwehearfromothersstandinguncommittedinargumentourselves。ItwasoneoftheruleswhichaboveallothersmadeDoctr。Franklinthemostamiableofmeninsociety，`nevertocontradictanybody。’Ifhewasurgedtoanounceanopinion，hediditratherbyaskingquestions，asifforinformation，orbysuggestingdoubts。WhenIhearanotherexpressanopinion，whichisnotmine，Isaytomyself，Hehasarighttohisopinion，asItomine；whyshouldIquestionit。Hiserrordoesmenoinjury，andshallIbecomeaDonQuixottobringallmenbyforceofargument，tooneopinion?Ifafactbemisstated，itisprobableheisgratifiedbyabeliefofit，andIhavenorighttodeprivehimofthegratification。Ifhewantsinformationhewillaskit，andthenIwillgiveitinmeasuredterms；butifhestillbelieveshisownstory，andshowsadesiretodisputethefactwithme，Ihearhimandsaynothing。Itishisaffair，notmine，ifhepreferserror。Therearetwoclassesofdisputantsmostfrequentlytobemetwithamongus。Thefirstisofyoungstudentsjustenteredthethresholdofscience，withafirstviewofit’soutlines，notyetfilledupwiththedetailsandmodificationswhichafurtherprogresswouldbringtotheirknoledge。Theotherconsistsoftheill-temperedandrudemeninsocietywhohavetakenupapassionforpolitics。Goodhumorandpolitenessneverintroduceintomixedsocietyaquestiononwhichtheyforeseetherewillbeadifferenceofopinion。Frombothoftheseclassesofdisputants，mydearJefferson，keepaloof，asyouwouldfromtheinfectedsubjectsofyellowfeverorpestilence。Consideryourself，whenwiththem，asamongthepatientsofBedlamneedingmedicalmorethanmoralcounsel。
　　Bealisteneronly，keepwithinyourself，andendeavortoestablishwithyourselfthehabitofsilence，especiallyinpolitics。Inthefeveredstateofourcountry，nogoodcaneverresultfromanyattempttosetoneofthesefieryzealotstorightseitherinfactorprinciple。Theyaredeterminedastothefactstheywillbelieve，andtheopinionsonwhichtheywillact。Getbythem，thereforeasyouwouldbyanangrybull：itisnotforamanofsensetodisputetheroadwithsuchananimal。Youwillbemoreexposedthanotherstohavetheseanimalsshakingtheirhornsatyou，becauseoftherelationinwhichyoustandwithmeandtohatemeasachiefintheantagonistpartyyourpresencewillbetothemwhatthevomit-grassistothesickdoganostrumforproducinganejaculation。Lookuponthemexactlywiththateye，andpitythemasobjectstowhomyoucanadministeronlyoccasionalease。Mycharacterisnotwithintheirpower。Itisinthehandsofmyfellowcitizensatlarge，andwillbeconsignedtohonororinfamybytheverdictoftherepublicanmassofourcountry，accordingtowhatthemselveswillhaveseen，notwhattheirenemiesandmineshallhavesaid。Neverthereforeconsiderthesepuppiesinpoliticsasrequiringanynoticefromyou，andalwaysshewthatyouarenotafraidtoleavemycharactertotheumpirageofpublicopinion。LooksteadilytothepursuitswhichhavecarriedyoutoPhiladelphia，beveryselectinthesocietyyouattachyourselfto；avoidtaverns，drinkers，smoakers，andidlersanddissipatedpersonsgenerally；foritiswithsuchthatbroilsandcontentionsarise，andyouwillfindyourpathmoreeasyandtranquil。ThelimitsofmypaperwarnmethatitistimeformetoclosewithmyaffectionateAdieux。
　　P。S。PresentmeaffectionatelytoMr。Ogilvie，andindoingthesametoMr。PealetellhimIamwritingwithhispolygraphandshallsendhimminethefirstmomentIhaveleisureenoughtopackit。
　　SOWINGTHEUPLANDRICE
　　_ToDr。BenjaminWaterhouse_
　　_Washington，December1，1808_
　　SIR，——InanswertotheinquiriesofthebenevolentDr。DeCarroonthesubjectoftheuplandormountainrice，OryzaMutica，I
　　willstatetoyouwhatIknowofit。Ifirstbecameinformedoftheexistenceofaricewhichwouldgrowinuplandswithoutanymorewaterthanthecommonrains，byreadingabookofMr。DePorpre，whohadbeenGovernoroftheIsleofFrance，whomentionsitasgrowingthereandallalongthecoastofAfricasuccessfully，andashavingbeenintroducedfromCochin-China。Iwasatthattime1784-89inFrance，andtherehappeningtobethereaPrinceofCochin-China，onhistravels，andthenreturninghome，Iobtainedhispromisetosendmesome。Ineverreceivedithowever，andmentionitonlyasitmayhavebeensent，andfurnishedthegroundfortheinquiriesofDr。DeCarro，respectingmyreceivingitfromChina。WhenatHavreonmyreturnfromFrance，IfoundthereCaptainNathanielCutting，whowastheensuingspringtogoonavoyagealongthecoastofAfrica。I