100。Justice，p。264；soPrice，inhisObservationsonLiberty，laysitdownthatgovernmentisnevertoentrenchuponprivateliberty，’exceptsofarasprivatelibertyentrenchesonthelibertyofothers。’
　　101。Works，ii，506。
　　102。Works，ii，401。
　　103。Autobiography，p。274。
　　104。Hobbes，intheLeviathanchap。xiii，hasinthesamewaytoargueforthedefactoequalityofmen。
　　105。Dissertations，i，375。
　　106。IremarkbyanticipationthatthisexpressionimpliesareferencetoMill’sEthology，ofwhichIshallhavetospeak。
　　107。Works，ix，96，113。
　　108。Dissertations，i，376。
　　109。Works，’CivilCode’fromDumonti，302，305；Ibid。’PrinciplesofConstitutionalCode’ii，271；Ibid。’ConstitutionalCode’ix，15-18。
　　110。Works，i，306n。
　　111。Ibid。，ix，15。
　　112。Ibid。’PrinciplesofPenalCode’i，311。
　　113。Ibid。，i，312。
　　114。Works，x，440。
　　115。Ibid。，iii，33，etc。
　　116。Ibid。，iii，35。
　　117。Works，ix，5。
　　118。Ibid。，ix，192。
　　119。Ibid。，ix，7。
　　120。Works，i，212。
　　121。Ibid。，ix，192。
　　122。See，e。g。，i，83，wheresympathyseemstobetakenasanultimatepleasure，andii，133，wherehesays’dreamnotthatmenwillmovetheirlittlefingertoserveyouunlesstheiradvantageinsodoingbeobvioustothem。’Seealsotheapologueof’WalterWise’，whobecomesLordMayor，and’TimothyThoughtless’whoendsatBotanyBayi，118，givingthelowestkindofprudentialmorality。ThemanuscriptoftheDeontology，nowinUniversityCollege，London，seemstoprovethatBenthamwassubstantiallytheauthor，thoughtheMillsseemtohavesuspectedBowringofadulteratingthetruedoctrine。Heappearstohavebeenanhonestifnotveryintelligenteditor；
　　thoughtherewriting，necessaryinallBentham’sworks，wasdamaginginthiscase；andheisprobablyresponsibleforsomerhetoricalamplification，especiallyinthelaterpart。
　　123。ChurchofEnglandismCatechismexamined，p。207。
　　124。SeethisphraseexpoundedinWorks’BookofFallacies’，ii，440，etc。
　　NOTEONBENTHAM’SWRITINGS
　　ThefollowingaccountofBentham’swritingsmaybeofsomeuse。Thearrangementisintendedtoshowwhatwerethetopicswhichattractedhisattentionatsuccessiveperiods。
　　TheCollectedWorks，editedbyBowring，appearedfrom1838to1843inelevenvolumes，thelasttwocontainingthelifeandanelaborateindex。
　　Thefirstninevolumesconsistpartlyoftheworksalreadypublished；partlyofworkspublishedforthefirsttimefromBentham’sMSS。；andpartlyofversionsofDumont’sredactionsofBentham。Dumont’spublicationswere1
　　Traité；sdeLegislationcivileetpé；nale1802；secondedition，revised，1820：[vol。i，containsPrincipesgé；né；rauxdeLegislationandPrincipesduCodecivil；vol。ii，PrincipesduCodepé；nal；andvol。iii，Mé；moiresurlePanoptique，DelaPromulgationdesLais，Del’InfluenceduTempsetdesLieux，andVuegé；né；raled’unCorpscompletdesLois]；2TactiquesdesAssemblé；esdé；liberantesetTraité；desSophismespolitiques，1816；4Traité；desPreuvesjudiciares，1823；and5Del’OrganisationjudicaireetdelaCodification，1823。
　　InthefollowingIgivereferencetotheplaceofeachworkinBowring’sedition。
　　Bentham’sfirstbookwastheFragmentonGovernment，1776i。221-295。
　　Aninteresting’historicalpreface’，intendedforasecondeditioni。240-259，wasfirstprintedin1828。TheFragment，editedbyMrF。C。Montague，wasrepublishedin1891。
　　TheIntroductiontothePrinciplesofMoralsandLegislationwaspublishedin1789，inonevol。4to。i。1-154。Ithadbeenprintedin1780。Asecondedition，intwovols，8vo，appearedin1823。Itwasintendedasanintroductiontotheplanofapenalcode。Benthamsaysinhisprefacethathisschemewouldbecompletedbyaseriesofworksapplyinghisprinciplesto1civillaw；2penallaw；3procedure；4reward；5constitutionallaw；6
　　politicaltactics；7internationallaw；8finance；and9politicaleconomy，andbyatenthtreatisegivingaplanfoabodyoflaw’consideredinrespectofitsform，’thatis，upon’nomography。’Hewrotemoreorlessinthecourseofhislifeuponallthesetopics。Dumont’sTraité；sof1802werebasedpartlyupontheIntroductionandpartlyuponBentham’sMSS。correspondingtounfinishedpartsofthisgeneralscheme。
　　ThetwofirstsectionofthisschemearerepresentedintheWorksbyPrinciplesoftheCivilCodei，297-364andPrinciplesofPenalLawi，365-580。
　　ThePrinciplesoftheCivilCodeistranslatedfromDumont’sTraité；s，whereitfollowsacondensedstatementof’generalprinciples’takenfromtheopeningchaptersoftheIntroduction。Anappendix’onthelevellingsystem’
　　isaddedintheWorksfromBentham’sMSS。ThePrinciplesofPenalLawconsistsofthreeparts：thefirstandthirdon’politicalremediesfortheevilofoffences’andon’indirectmeansofpreventingcrimes’aretranslatedfromparts2and4ofDumont’sPrincipesduCodepé；nalparts1and3ofDumontbeingadaptationsfromtheIntroductiontoMoralsandLegislation。
　　ThesecondpartofthePenalLaw，orTheRationaleofPunishmentisfromDumont’sThé；oriedesPeinesetdesRé；compenses。DumonttookitfromaMS。writtenbyBenthamin1775。SeeBentham’sWorks，i，388。
　　Anappendixon’DeathPunishment’，addressedbyBenthamtotheFrenchpeoplein1830，isaddedtoPartIIintheWorksi。525-532。No。4ofBentham’sgeneralschemecorrespondstotheRationaleofReward，foundedupontwoMSS。，oneinFrenchandoneinEnglish，usedbyDumontintheThé；oriedesPeinesetdesRé；compensees。TheEnglishversionintheWorks，chieflytranslatedfromDumontandcomparedwiththeoriginalmanuscript，wasfirstpublishedin1825ii，189-266。RichardSmith’oftheStampsandTaxes’
　　wastheeditorofthisandofaneditionoftheRationaleofPunishmentin1831，andofvariousminortreatises。Bentham’sWorks，x，548n。
　　TheTableoftheSpringsofActioni，195-220，writtenatanearlyperiod，wasprintedin1815，andpublished，withmodifications，in817。TheVuegé；né；raleincludedintheTraité；sof1802wasintendedbyBenthamasasketchforhisownguidance，andistranslatedasViewofaCompleteCodeofLawsintheWorksiii，154-210。Thetwoessaysinthe1802Traité；son’thepromulgationoflaws’andthe’influenceoftimeandplaceinmattersoflegislation’aretranslatedinWorksi。157-194。AfragmentonInternationallaw——aphraseinventedbyBentham——writtenbetween1786and1789，firstappearedintheWorksii，535-571，withJunctianaproposal——aplanforacanalbetweentheAtlanticandthePacific——writtenin1822，asanappendix。
　　Besidestheabove，allwrittenbefore1789，inpursuanceofhisschem，Benthamhadpublishedin1778hisViewoftheHardLabourBilliv，1-36；
　　andin1787hisDefenceofUsuryiii，1-19。Athirdeditionofthelastwiththe’protestagainstlawtaxes’waspublishedin1816。
　　Duringthefollowingperiod1789-1802Benthamwrotevariousbooks，moreorlesssuggestedbytheFrenchrevolution。TheEssayonPoliticalTacticsii，299-373，correspondingtoNo。6ofthescheme，wassenttoMorelletin1789，butfirstpublishedbyDumontin1816。WithitDumontalsopublishedthesubstanceoftheAnarchicalFallaciesii，489-534，writtenabout1791。
　　ADroughtofaCodefortheOrganizationoftheJudicialEstablishmentofFrance，datedMarch1790，isreprintedinWorks，iv，285-406。Truthv。Ashhurst，writtenin1792v，231-237，wasfirstpublishedin1823。AManualofPoliticalEconomy，writtenby1793seeWorks，iii，73n。，correspondstoNo。9ofhisscheme。AchapterappearedintheBibliothè；queBritanniquein1798。ItwaspartlyusedinDumont’sThé；oriedesRé；compenses，andfirstpublishedinEnglishinWorksiii，31-84。EmancipateyourColoniesiv，407-481wasprivatelyprintedin1793，andfirstpublishedforsalein1830。AProtestagainstLawTaxes，printedin1793，waspublishedin1795
　　togetherwithSupplywithoutBurthen，orEscheatviceTaxation，writtenin1794。TothemisappendedashortpapercalledTaxwithoutMonopolyii，573-600。APlanforsavingallTroubleandExpenseintheTransferofStock，writtenandpartlyprintedin1800，wasfirstpublishedinWorksiii，105-153。
　　DuringthisperiodBenthamwasalsooccupiedwiththePanopticon，andsomewritingsrefertoit。ThePanopticon，ortheInspectionHouseiv，37-172，writtenin1787，waspublishedin1791。ThePanopticonversusNewSouthWalesiv，173-248appearedin1802；andAPleafortheConstitutionontransportationtoNewSouthWalesiv，249-284in1803。CloselyconnectedwiththesearePoor-LawsandPauperManagmentviii，358-461，reprintedfromArthurYoung’sAnnalsofSeptember1797andfollowingmonths；andObservationsonthePoorBillviii，440-459，writteninFebruary1797，privatelyprintedin1838，andfirstpublishedintheWorks。