WemustnoteherethatthereiscertainsectinEnglandcalledPuritans;these，accordingtothedoctrineoftheChurchofGeneva，rejectallceremoniesancientlyheld，andadmitofneitherorgansnortombsintheirplacesofworship，andentirelyabhoralldifferenceinrankamongChurchmen，suchasbishops，deans，&c。;
theywerefirstnamedPuritansbytheJesuitSandys。Theydonotliveseparate，butmixwiththoseoftheChurchofEnglandinthecolleges。
Potton，avillage。
Ampthill，atown;herewesawimmensenumbersofrabbits，whicharereckonedasgoodashares，andareverywelltasted。
WepassedthroughthetownsofWoburn，Leighton，Aylesbury，andWheatley。
Oxonium，Oxford，thefamedAthensofEngland;thatgloriousseminaryoflearningandwisdom，whencereligion，politeness，andletters，areabundantlydispersedintoallpartsofthekingdom。Thetownisremarkablyfine，whetheryouconsidertheeleganceofitsprivatebuildings，themagnificenceofitspublicones，orthebeautyandwholesomenessofitssituation，whichisonaplain，encompassedinsuchamannerwithhills，shadedwithwood，astobeshelteredontheonehandfromthesicklysouth，andontheotherfromtheblusteringwest，butopentotheeast，thatblowssereneweather，andtothenorth，thepreventerofcorruption，fromwhich，intheopinionofsome，itformerlyobtainedtheappellationofBellositum。
Thistowniswateredbytworivers，theCherwellandtheIsis，vulgarlycalledtheOuse;andthoughthesestreamsjoininthesamechannel，yettheIsisrunsmoreentireandwithmorerapiditytowardsthesouth，retainingitsnametillitmeetstheThame，whichitseemslongtohavesought，atWallingford;thence，calledbythecompoundnameofThames，itflowstheprinceofallBritishrivers，ofwhomwemayjustlysay，astheancientsdidoftheEuphrates，thatitbothsowsandwatersEngland。
ThecollegesinthisfamousUniversityareasfollows：-
InthereignofHenryIII。，WalterMerton，BishopofRochester，removedthecollegehehadfoundedinSurrey，1274，toOxford，enrichedit，andnameditMertonCollege;andsoonafter，William，ArchdeaconofDurham，restored，withadditions，thatbuildingofAlfred’snowcalledUniversityCollege;inthereignofEdwardI。，JohnBaliol，KingofScotland，or，assomewillhaveit，hisparents，foundedBaliolCollege;inthereignofEdwardII。，WalterStapleton，BishopofExeter，foundedExeterCollegeandHartHall;
and，inimitationofhim，theKing，King’sCollege，commonlycalledOriel，andSt。Mary’sHall;next，Philippa，wifeofEdwardIII。，builtQueen’sCollege;andSimonIslip，ArchbishopofCanterbury，CanterburyCollege;WilliamWykeham，BishopofWinchester，raisedthatmagnificentstructurecalledNewCollege;MagdalenCollegewasbuiltbyWilliamWainflete，BishopofWinchester，anobleedifice，finelysituatedanddelightfulforitswalks;atthesametime，Humphrey，DukeofGloucester，thatgreatencourageroflearning，builttheDivinitySchoolverysplendidly，andoveritalibrary，towhichhegaveanhundredandtwenty-nineverychoicebooks，purchasedatagreatpricefromItaly，butthepublichaslongsincebeenrobbedoftheuseofthembytheavariceofparticulars：
LincolnCollege;AllSouls’College;St。Bernard’sCollege;Brazen-
NoseCollege，foundedbyWilliamSmith，BishopofLincoln，inthereignofHenryVII。;itsrevenueswereaugmentedbyAlexanderNowel，DeanofSt。Paul’s，London;uponthegateofthiscollegeisfixedanoseofbrass;CorpusChristiCollege，builtbyRichardFox，BishopofWinchester——underhispictureintheCollegechapelarelinesimportingthatitistheexactrepresentationofhispersonanddress。
Christ’sChurch，thelargestandmostelegantofthemall，wasbegunonthegroundofSt。Frideswide’sMonastery，byThomasWolsey，CardinalofYork，towhichHenryVIII。joinedCanterburyCollege，settledgreatrevenuesuponit，andnameditChrist’sChurch;thesamegreatprince，outofhisowntreasury，tothedignityofthetownandornamentoftheUniversity，madetheoneabishoprie，andinstitutedprofessorshipsintheother。
JesusCollege，builtbyHughPrice，DoctorofLaws。
Thatfineedifice，thePublicSchools，wasentirelyraisedbyQueenMary，andadornedwithvariousinscriptions。
Thusfarofthecollegesandhalls，whichforthebeautyoftheirbuildings，theirrichendowments，andcopiouslibraries，excelalltheacademiesintheChristianworld。Weshalladdalittleoftheacademiesthemselves，andthosethatinhabitthem。
Thesestudentsleadalifealmostmonastic;forasthemonkshadnothingintheworldtodobutwhentheyhadsaidtheirprayersatstatedhourstoemploythemselvesininstructivestudies，nomorehavethese。Theyaredividedintothreetables：thefirstiscalledtheFellows’table，towhichareadmittedearls，barons，gentlemen，doctors，andMastersofArts，butveryfewofthelatter——
thisismoreplentifullyandexpensivelyservedthantheothers;
thesecondisforMastersofArts，Bachelors，somegentlemen，andeminentcitizens;thethirdforpeopleoflowcondition。Whiletherestareatdinnerorsupperinagreathall，wheretheyareallassembled，oneofthestudentsreadsaloudtheBible，whichisplacedonadeskinthemiddleofthehall，andthisofficeeveryoneofthemtakesuponhimselfinhisturn。Assoonasgraceissaidaftereachmeal，everyoneisatlibertyeithertoretiretohisownchambersortowalkintheCollegegarden，therebeingnonethathasnotadelightfulone。TheirhabitisalmostthesameasthatoftheJesuits，theirgownsreachingdowntotheirankles，sometimeslinedwithfur;theywearsquarecaps。Thedoctors，MastersofArts，andprofessors，haveanotherkindofgownthatdistinguishesthem。EverystudentofanyconsiderablestandinghasakeytotheCollegelibrary，fornocollegeiswithoutone。
Inanout-partofthetownaretheremainsofaprettylargefortification，butquiteinruins。Wewereentertainedatsupperwithanexcellentconcert，composedofavarietyofinstruments。
ThenextdaywewentasfarastheRoyalPalaceofWoodstock，whereKingEthelredformerlyheldaParliament，andenactedcertainlaws。
Thispalace，aboundinginmagnificence，wasbuiltbyHenryI。，towhichhejoinedaverylargepark，enclosedwithawall;accordingtoJohnRosse，thefirstparkinEngland。InthisverypalacethepresentreigningQueenElizabeth，beforeshewasconfinedtotheTower，waskeptprisonerbyhersisterMary。Whileshewasdetainedhere，intheutmostperilofherlife，shewrotewithapieceofcharcoalthefollowingverse，composedbyherself，uponawindowshutter：-
"OFortune！howthyrestlesswaveringstateHathfraughtwithcaresmytroubledwit！
WitnessthispresentprisonwhitherfateHathborneme，andthejoysIquit。
ThoucausedesttheguiltytobeloosedFrombandswherewithareinnocentsenclosed;
Causingtheguiltlesstobestraitreserved，Andfreeingthosethatdeathhadwelldeserved：
Butbyherenvycanbenothingwrought，SoGodsendtomyfoesalltheyhavethought。
A。D。，M。D。L。V。"
"Elizabeth，Prisoner。
Notfarfromthispalacearetobeseen，nearaspringofthebrightestwater，theruinsofthehabitationofRosamondClifford，whoseexquisitebeautysoentirelycaptivatedtheheartofKingHenryII。thathelostthethoughtofallotherwomen;sheissaidtohavebeenpoisonedatlastbytheQueen。Allthatremainsofhertombofstone，thelettersofwhicharealmostwornout，isthefollowing：-
"……Adorent，UtquetibideturrequiesRosamundaprecamur。"
Therhymingepitaphfollowingwasprobablytheperformanceofsomemonk：-
"HicjacetintumbaRosamundinonRosamunda，Nonredoletsedolet，quaeredoleresolet。"
ReturningfromhencetoOxford，afterdinnerweproceededonourjourney，andpassedthroughEwhelme，aroyalpalace，inwhichsomealms-peoplearesupportedbyanallowancefromtheCrown。
Nettlebed，avillage。
WewentthroughthelittletownofHenley;fromhencetheChilternHillsbearnorthinacontinuedridge，anddividethecountiesofOxfordandBuckingham。
WepassedMaidenhead。
Windsor，aroyalcastle，supposedtohavebeenbegunbyKingArthur，itsbuildingsmuchincreasedbyEdwardIII。Thesituationisentirelyworthyofbeingaroyalresidence，amorebeautifulbeingscarcetobefound;for，fromthebrowofagentlerising，itenjoystheprospectofanevenandgreencountry;itsfrontcommandsavalleyextendedeveryway，andchequeredwitharablelandsandpasturage，clothedupanddownwithgroves，andwateredbythatgentlestofrivers，theThames;behindriseseveralhills，butneithersteepnorveryhigh，crownedwithwoods，andseemingdesignedbyNatureherselfforthepurposeofhunting。
TheKingsofEngland，invitedbythedeliciousnessoftheplace，veryoftenretirehither;andherewasborntheconquerorofFrance，thegloriousKingEdwardIII。，whobuiltthecastlenewfromtheground，andthoroughlyfortifieditwithtrenches，andtowersofsquarestone，and，havingsoonaftersubduedinbattleJohn，KingofFrance，andDavid，KingofScotland，hedetainedthembothprisonershereatthesametime。Thiscastle，besidesbeingtheRoyalPalace，andhavingsomemagnificenttombsoftheKingsofEngland，isfamousfortheceremoniesbelongingtotheKnightsoftheGarter。ThisOrderwasinstitutedbyEdwardIII。，thesamewhotriumphedsoillustriouslyoverJohn，KingofFrance。TheKnightsoftheGarterarestrictlychosenfortheirmilitaryvirtues，andantiquityoffamily;theyareboundbysolemnoathandvowtomutualandperpetualfriendshipamongthemselves，andtothenotavoidinganydangerwhatever，orevendeathitself，tosupport，bytheirjointendeavours，thehonouroftheSociety;theyarestyledCompanionsoftheGarter，fromtheirwearingbelowtheleftkneeapurplegarter，inscribedinlettersofgoldwith"HONISOITQUIMALYPENSE，"I。E。，"Eviltohimthatevilthinks。"Thistheywearupontheleftleg，inmemoryofonewhich，happeningtountie，wasletfallbyagreatlady，passionatelybelovedbyEdward，whileshewasdancing，andwasimmediatelysnatchedupbytheKing，who，todohonourtothelady，notoutofanytriflinggallantry，butwithamostseriousandhonourablepurpose，dedicatedittothelegsofthemostdistinguishednobility。TheceremoniesofthisSocietyarecelebratedeveryyearatWindsoronSt。George’sDay，thetutelarsaintoftheOrder，theKingpresiding;andthecustomisthattheKnightsCompanionsshouldhanguptheirhelmetandshield，withtheirarmsblazonedonit，insomeconspicuouspartofthechurch。
TherearethreeprincipalandverylargecourtsinWindsorCastle，whichgivegreatpleasuretothebeholders：thefirstisenclosedwithmostelegantbuildingsofwhitestone，flat-roofed，andcoveredwithlead;heretheKnightsoftheGarterarelodged;inthemiddleisadetachedhouse，remarkableforitshightower，whichthegovernorinhabits。Inthisisthepublickitchen，wellfurnishedwithproperutensils，besidesaspaciousdining-room，whereallthepoorKnightseatatthesametable，forintothisSocietyoftheGarter，theKingandSovereignelects，athisownchoice，certainpersons，whomustbegentlemenofthreedescents，andsuchas，fortheirageandthestraitnessoftheirfortunes，arefitterforsayingtheirprayersthanfortheserviceofwar;toeachofthemisassignedapensionofeighteenpoundsperannumandclothes。Thechiefinstitutionofsomagnificentafoundationis，thattheyshouldsaytheirdailyprayerstoGodfortheKing’ssafety，andthehappyadministrationforthekingdom，towhichpurposetheyattendtheservice，meetingtwiceeverydayatchapel。Theleftsideofthiscourtisornamentedbyamostmagnificentchapelofonehundredandthirty-fourpacesinlength，andsixteeninbreadth;inthisareeighteenseatsfittedupinthetimeofEdwardIII。foranequalnumberofKnights：thisvenerablebuildingisdecoratedwiththenoblemonumentsofEdwardIV。，HenryVI。，andVIII。，andofhiswifeQueenJane。Itreceivesfromroyalliberalitytheannualincomeoftwothousandpounds，andthatstillmuchincreasedbythemunificenceofEdwardIII。andHenryVII。ThegreatestprincesinChristendomhavetakenitforthehighesthonourtobeadmittedintotheOrderoftheGarter;andsinceitsfirstinstitutionabouttwentykings，besidesthoseofEngland，whoarethesovereignsofit，nottomentiondukesandpersonsofthegreatestfigure，havebeenofit。Itconsistsoftwenty-sixCompanions。
Intheinwardchoirofthechapelarehungupsixteencoats-of-arms，swords，andbanners;amongwhicharethoseofCharlesV。andRodolphusII。，Emperors;ofPhilipofSpain;HenryIII。ofFrance;
FredericII。ofDenmark，&c。;ofCasimir，CountPalatineoftheRhine;andotherChristianprinceswhohavebeenchosenintothisOrder。
Inthebackchoir，oradditionalchapel，areshownpreparationsmadebyCardinalWolsey，whowasafterwardscapitallypunished，{12}forhisowntomb;consistingofeightlargebrazencolumnsplacedroundit，andnearerthetombfourothersintheshapeofcandlesticks;
thetombitselfisofwhiteandblackmarble;allwhicharereserved，accordingtoreport，forthefuneralofQueenElizabeth;
theexpensesalreadymadeforthatpurposeareestimatedatupwardsof60，000pounds。Inthesamechapelisthesurcoat{13}ofEdwardIII。，andthetombofEdwardFynes，EarlofLincoln，BaronClintonandSay，KnightoftheMostNobleOrderoftheGarter，andformerlyLordHighAdmiralofEngland。
ThesecondcourtofWindsorCastlestandsuponhigherground，andisenclosedwithwallsofgreatstrength，andbeautifiedwithfinebuildingsandatower;itwasanancientcastle，ofwhicholdannalsspeakinthismanner：KingEdward，A。D。1359，begananewbuildinginthatpartoftheCastleofWindsorwherehewasborn;forwhichreasonhetookcareitshouldbedecoratedwithlargerandfineredificesthantherest。InthispartwerekeptprisonersJohn，KingofFrance，andDavid，KingofScots，overwhomEdwardtriumphedatoneandthesametime：itwasbytheiradvice，struckwiththeadvantageofitssituation，andwiththesumspaidfortheirransom，thatbydegreesthiscastlestretchedtosuchmagnificence，astoappearnolongerafortress，butatownofproperextent，andinexpugnabletoanyhumanforce。ThisparticularpartofthecastlewasbuiltatthesoleexpenseoftheKingofScotland，exceptonetower，which，fromitshavingbeenerectedbytheBishopofWinchester，PrelateoftheOrder，iscalledWinchesterTower;{14}
thereareahundredstepstoit，soingeniouslycontrivedthathorsescaneasilyascendthem;itisahundredandfiftypacesincircuit;withinitarepreservedallmannerofarmsnecessaryforthedefenceoftheplace。
Thethirdcourtismuchthelargestofany，builtattheexpenseofthecaptiveKingofFrance;asitstandshigher，soitgreatlyexcelsthetwoformerinsplendourandelegance;ithasonehundredandforty-eightpacesinlength，andninety-seveninbreadth;inthemiddleofitisafountainofveryclearwater，broughtunderground，atanexcessiveexpense，fromthedistanceoffourmiles。
Towardstheeastaremagnificentapartmentsdestinedfortheroyalhousehold;towardsthewestisatennis-courtfortheamusementoftheCourt;onthenorthsidearetheroyalapartments，consistingofmagnificentchambers，halls，andbathing-rooms，{15}andaprivatechapel，theroofofwhichisembellishedwithgoldenrosesandFLEURS-DE-LIS：inthis，too，isthatverylargebanqueting-room，seventy-eightpaceslong，andthirtywide，inwhichtheKnightsoftheGarterannuallycelebratethememoryoftheirtutelarsaint，St。
George，withasolemnandmostpompousservice。
Fromhencerunsawalkofincrediblebeauty，threehundredandeightypacesinlength，setroundoneverysidewithsupportersofwood，whichsustainabalcony，fromwhencethenobilityandpersonsofdistinctioncantakethepleasureofseeinghuntingandhawkinginalawnofsufficientspace;forthefieldsandmeadows，cladwithvarietyofplantsandflowers，swellgraduallyintohillsofperpetualverdurequiteuptothecastle，andatbottomstretchoutinanextendedplain，thatstrikesthebeholderswithdelight。
Besideswhathasbeenalreadymentioned，thereareworthyofnoticeheretwobathing-rooms，ceiledandwainscotedwithlooking-glass;
thechamberinwhichHenryVI。wasborn;QueenElizabeth’sbedchamber，whereisatableofredmarblewithwhitestreaks;agalleryeverywhereornamentedwithemblemsandfigures;achamberinwhicharetheroyalbedsofHenryVII。andhisQueen，ofEdwardVI。，ofHenryVIII。，andofAnneBoleyn，allofthemelevenfeetsquare，andcoveredwithquiltsshiningwithgoldandsilver;QueenElizabeth’sbed，withcuriouscoveringsofembroidery，butnotquitesolongorlargeastheothers;apieceoftapestry，inwhichisrepresentedClovis，KingofFrance，withanangelpresentingtohimtheFLEURS-DE-LIStobeborneinhisarms;forbeforehistimetheKingsofFranceborethreetoadsintheirshield，insteadofwhichtheyafterwardsplacedthreeFLEURS-DE-LISonabluefield;thisantiquetapestryissaidtohavebeentakenfromaKingofFrance，whiletheEnglishweremastersthere。Wewereshownhere，amongotherthings，thehornofaunicorn，ofaboveeightspansandahalfinlength，valuedatabove10，000pounds;thebirdofparadise，threespanslong，threefingersbroad，havingabluebillofthelengthofhalfaninch，theupperpartofitsheadyellow，thenetherpartofa……colour;{16}alittlelowerfromeithersideofitsthroatstickoutsomereddishfeathers，aswellasfromitsbackandtherestofitsbody;itswings，ofayellowcolour，aretwiceaslongasthebirditself;fromitsbackgrowoutlengthwaystwofibresornerves，biggerattheirends，butlikeaprettystrongthread，ofaleadencolour，incliningtoblack，withwhich，asithasnotfeet，itissaidtofastenitselftotreeswhenitwantstorest;acushionmostcuriouslywroughtbyQueenElizabeth’sownhands。
IntheprecinctsofWindsor，ontheothersidetheThames，bothwhosebanksarejoinedbyabridgeofwood，isEton，awell-builtCollege，andfamousschoolforpoliteletters，foundedbyHenryVI。;
where，besidesamaster，eightfellowsandchanters，sixtyboysaremaintainedgratis。Theyaretaughtgrammar，andremainintheschooltill，upontrialmadeoftheirgeniusandprogressinstudy，theyaresenttotheUniversityofCambridge。
Aswewerereturningtoourinn，wehappenedtomeetsomecountrypeopleCELEBRATINGTHEIRHARVESTHOME;theirlastloadofcorntheycrownwithflowers，havingbesidesanimagerichlydressed，bywhich，perhaps，theywouldsignifyCeres;thistheykeepmovingabout，whilemenandwomen，menandmaidservants，ridingthroughthestreetsinthecart，shoutasloudastheycantilltheyarriveatthebarn。Thefarmersheredonotbinduptheircorninsheaves，astheydowithus，butdirectlyastheyhavereapedormowedit，putitintocarts，andconveyitintotheirbarns。
WewentthroughthetownofStaines。
HamptonCourt，aRoyalPalace，magnificentlybuiltwithbrickbyCardinalWolseyinostentationofhiswealth，whereheenclosedfiveveryamplecourts，consistingofnobleedificesinverybeautifulwork。OverthegateinthesecondareaistheQueen’sdevice，agoldenRose，withthismotto，"DieuetmonDroit："ontheinwardsideofthisgatearetheeffigiesofthetwelveRomanEmperorsinplaster。Thechiefareaispavedwithsquarestone;initscentreisafountainthatthrowsupwater，coveredwithagiltcrown，onthetopofwhichisastatueofJustice，supportedbycolumnsofblackandwhitemarble。Thechapelofthispalaceismostsplendid，inwhichtheQueen’sclosetisquitetransparent，havingitswindowofcrystal。Wewereledintotwochambers，calledthepresence，orchambersofaudience，whichshonewithtapestryofgoldandsilverandsilkofdifferentcolours：underthecanopyofstatearethesewordsembroideredinpearl，"VIVATHENRICUSOCTAVUS。"Hereisbesidesasmallchapelrichlyhungwithtapestry，wheretheQueenperformsherdevotions。Inherbedchamberthebedwascoveredwithverycostlycoverlidsofsilk：atnogreatdistancefromthisroomwewereshownabed，thetesterofwhichwasworkedbyAnneBoleyn，andpresentedbyhertoherhusbandHenryVIII。Alltheotherrooms，beingverynumerous，areadornedwithtapestryofgold，silver，andvelvet，insomeofwhichwerewovenhistorypieces;inothers，TurkishandAmericandresses，allextremelynatural。
Inthehallarethesecuriosities：
Averyclearlooking-glass，ornamentedwithcolumnsandlittleimagesofalabaster;aportraitofEdwardVI。，brothertoQueenElizabeth;thetrueportraitofLucretia;apictureofthebattleofPavia;thehistoryofChrist’spassion，carvedinmother-of-pearl;
theportraitsofMaryQueenofScots，whowasbeheaded，andherdaughter;{17}thepictureofFerdinand，PrinceofSpain，andofPhiliphisson;thatofHenryVIII。——underitwasplacedtheBiblecuriouslywrittenuponparchment;anartificialsphere;severalmusicalinstruments;inthetapestryarerepresentednegroesridinguponelephants。ThebedinwhichEdwardVI。issaidtohavebeenborn，andwherehismotherJaneSeymourdiedinchild-bed。Inonechamberwereseveralexcessivelyrichtapestries，whicharehungupwhentheQueengivesaudiencetoforeignambassadors;therewerenumbersofcushionsornamentedwithgoldandsilver;manycounterpanesandcoverlidsofbedslinedwithermine：inshort，allthewallsofthepalaceshinewithgoldandsilver。HereisbesidesacertaincabinetcalledParadise，wherebesidesthateverythingglitterssowithsilver，gold，andjewels，astodazzleone’seyes，thereisamusicalinstrumentmadeallofglass，exceptthestrings。
Afterwardswewereledintothegardens，whicharemostpleasant;
herewesawrosemarysoplantedandnailedtothewallsastocoverthementirely，whichisamethodexceedingcommoninEngland。
Kingston，amarkettown。
Nonesuch，aroyalretreat，inaplaceformerlycalledCuddington，averyhealthfulsituation，chosenbyKingHenryVIII。forhispleasureandretirement，andbuiltbyhimwithanexcessofmagnificenceandelegance，eventoostentation：onewouldimagineeverythingthatarchitecturecanperformtohavebeenemployedinthisonework。Thereareeverywheresomanystatuesthatseemtobreathesomanymiraclesofconsummateart，somanycaststhatrivaleventheperfectionofRomanantiquity，thatitmaywellclaimandjustifyitsnameofNonesuch，beingwithoutanequal;orasthepostsung-
"This，whichnoequalhasinartorfame，BritonsdeservedlydoNONESUCHname。"
Thepalaceitselfissoencompassedwithparksfullofdeer，deliciousgardens，grovesornamentedwithtrellis-work，cabinetsofverdure，andwalkssoembrownedbytrees，thatitseemstobeaplacepitcheduponbyPleasureherself，todwellinalongwithHealth。
Inthepleasureandartificialgardensaremanycolumnsandpyramidsofmarble，twofountainsthatspoutwateroneroundtheotherlikeapyramid，uponwhichareperchedsmallbirdsthatstreamwateroutoftheirbills。IntheGroveofDianaisaveryagreeablefountain，withActaeonturnedintoastag，ashewassprinkledbythegoddessandhernymphs，withinscriptions。
Thereisbesidesanotherpyramidofmarblefullofconcealedpipes，whichspurtuponallwhocomewithintheirreach。
ReturnedfromhencetoLondon。
ASHORTDESCRIPTIONOFENGLAND。
Britain，consistingofthetwokingdomsofEnglandandScotland，isthelargestislandintheworld，encompassedbytheocean，theGermanandFrenchseas。ThelargestandsouthernpartofitisEngland，sonamedfromtheAngli，whoquittingthelittleterritoryyetcalledAngelinthekingdomofDenmark，tookpossessionhere。
ItisgovernedbyitsownKing，whoownsnosuperiorbutGod。Itisdividedintothirty-ninecounties，towhichthirteeninWaleswereaddedbyHenryVIII。，thefirstwhodistributedthatprincipalityintocounties;overeachofthese，intimesofdanger，alordlieutenant，nominatedbytheKing，presideswithanunlimitedpower。
Everyyearsomegentleman，aninhabitantoftheplace，isappointedsheriff;hisofficeistocollectthepublicmoneys，toraisefines，ortomakeseizures，andaccountforittotheTreasury;toattenduponthejudges，andputtheirsentenceinexecution;toempanelthejury，whosituponfacts，andreturntheirverdicttothejudges（whoinEnglandareonlysuchofthelaw，andnotofthefact）;toconveythecondemnedtoexecution，andtodertermineinlessercauses，forthegreateraretriedbythejudges，formerlycalledtravellingjudgesofassize;thesegotheircircuitsthroughthecountiestwiceeveryyeartohearcauses，andpronouncesentenceuponprisoners。
Astoecclesiasticaljurisdiction，afterthePopeshadassignedachurchandparishtoeverypriest，Honorius，ArchbishopofCanterbury，abouttheyear636，begantodivideEnglandinthesamemannerintoparishes：asithastwoProvinces，soithastwoArchbishops：theoneofCanterbury，PrimateandMetropolitanofallEngland;theotherofYork：subjecttothesearetwenty-fivebishops，viz。，twenty-twotoCanterbury，theremainingthreetoYork。
Thesoilisfruitful，andaboundswithcattle，whichinclinestheinhabitantsrathertofeedingthanploughing，sothatnearathirdpartofthelandisleftuncultivatedforgrazing。Theclimateismosttemperateatalltimes，andtheairneverheavy，consequentlymaladiesarescarcer，andlessphysicisusedtherethananywhereelse。Therearebutfewrivers;thoughthesoilisproductive，itbearsnowine;butthatwantissuppliedfromabroadbythebestkinds，asofOrleans，Gascon，Rhenish，andSpanish。Thegeneraldrinkisbeer，whichispreparedfrombarley，andisexcellentlywelltasted，butstrong，andwhatsoonfuddles。Therearemanyhillswithoutonetree，oranyspring，whichproduceaveryshortandtendergrass，andsupplyplentyoffoodtosheep;uponthesewandernumerousflocks，extremelywhite，andwhetherfromthetemperatureoftheair，orgoodnessoftheearth，bearingsofterandfinerfleecesthanthoseofanyothercountry：thisisthetrueGoldenFleece，inwhichconsistthechiefrichesoftheinhabitants，greatsumsofmoneybeingbroughtintotheislandbymerchants，chieflyforthatarticleoftrade。Thedogshereareparticularlygood。Ithasminesofgold，silver，andtin（ofwhichallmanneroftableutensilsaremade，inbrightnessequaltosilver，andusedalloverEurope），oflead，andofiron，butnotmuchofthelatter。Thehorsesaresmallbutswift。Glasshousesareinplentyhere。
OFTHEMANNERSOFTHEENGLISH。
TheEnglishareserious，liketheGermans;loversofshow，likingtobefollowedwherevertheygobywholetroopsofservants，whoweartheirmasters’armsinsilver，fastenedtotheirleftarms，aridiculetheydeservedlylieunder。Theyexcelindancingandmusic，fortheyareactiveandlively，thoughofathickermakethantheFrench;theycuttheirhaircloseonthemiddleofthehead，lettingitgrowoneitherside;theyaregoodsailors，andbetterpirates，cunning，treacherousandthievish;abovethreehundredaresaidtobehangedannuallyatLondon;beheadingwiththemislessinfamousthanhanging;theygivethewallastheplaceofhonour;
hawkingisthegeneralsportofthegentry;theyaremorepoliteineatingthantheFrench，devouringlessbread，butmoremeat，whichtheyroastinperfection;theyputagreatdealofsugarintheirdrink;theirbedsarecoveredwithtapestry，eventhoseoffarmers;
theyareoftenmolestedwiththescurvy，saidtohavefirstcreptintoEnglandwiththeNormanConquest;theirhousesarecommonlyoftwostoreys，exceptinLondon，wheretheyareofthreeandfour，thoughbutseldomoffour;theyarebuiltofwood，thoseoftherichersortwithbricks;theirroofsarelow，and，wheretheownerhasmoney，coveredwithlead。
Theyarepowerfulinthefield，successfulagainsttheirenemies，impatientofanythinglikeslavery;vastlyfondofgreatnoisesthatfilltheear，suchasthefiringofcannon，drums，andtheringingofbells，sothatitiscommonforanumberofthem，thathavegotaglassintheirheads，togoupintothebelfry，andringthebellsforhourstogetherforthesakeofexercise。Iftheyseeaforeignerverywellmade，orparticularlyhandsome，theywillsay，"ItisapityheisnotanEnglishman！"
THEILLUSTRIOUSFAMILIESOFENGLAND
ThomasHoward，DukeofNorfolk，hereditaryMarshalofEngland：theduchyisextinctforrebellion，thelastdukebeingbeheaded。
Grey，DukeofSuffolk，attaintedunderQueenMary。
PhilipHoward，EarlofArundelinhismother’sright，andofSurreybyhisfather，sonoftheabovementionedDukeofNorfolk，hehimselfcondemnedforhightreason，andhistitlesforfeited。
EdwardVere，EarlofOxford，hereditaryChamberlainofEngland。
Percy，EarlofNorthumberland，descendedfromtheDukesofBrabant。
CharlesNevill，EarlofWestmoreland，banishedintoHolland，anddeprivedofhisfortunesanddignitiesforrebellion。
Talbot，EarlofShrewsbury。
Grey，EarlofKent，hasbutasmallestate。
Stanley，EarlofDerby，andKingofMan。
Manners，EarlofRutland。
Somerset，EarlofWorcester，descendedfromabastardoftheSomersetfamily，whichitselfisoftheroyalfamilyofthePlantagenets。
Clifford，EarlofCumberland。
Ratcliff，EarlofSussex。
Hastings，EarlofHuntingdon，ofthelineofYork，bythemother’sside。
Bourchier，EarlofBath。
AmbroseSutton，aliasDudley，EarlofWarwick，diedafewyearssince，childless。
Wriothesly，EarlofSouthampton。
Russell，EarlofBedford。
Herbert，EarlofPembroke。
EdwardSeymour，EarlofHertford，sonoftheDukeofSomerset，whowasbeheadedinthereignofEdwardVI。
RobertSutton，orDudley，EarlofLeicester，brotheroftheEarlofWarwick，diedafewyearsago。
Robertd’Evereux，EarlofEssex，andofEweinNormandy，createdhereditaryMarshalofEnglandin1598。
CharlesHoward，oftheNorfolkfamily，createdEarlofNottingham，1597，LordHighAdmiralofEngland，andPrivyCounsellor。
Fynes，EarlofLincoln。
Brown，ViscountMontacute。
Howard，oftheNorfolkfamily，ViscountBindon。
Nevill，BaronAbergavenny;thisbaronyiscontroverted。
Touchet，BaronAudley。
Zouch，BaronZouch。
PeregrineBertie，BaronWilloughbyofEresbyandBrooke，GovernorofBerwick。
Berkley，BaronBerkley，oftheancientfamilyoftheKingsofDenmark。
Parker，BaronMorley。
Dacre，BaronDacreofGyllesland：thisbaronyisvacant。
Dacre，BaronDacreoftheSouth：hediedfouryearssince，andthebaronydevolvedtohisdaughter。
Brook，BaronCobham，WardenoftheCinquePorts。
Stafford，BaronStafford，reducedtowant;heisheirtothefamilyoftheDukesofBuckingham，whowerehereditaryConstablesofEngland。
Gray，BaronGrayofWilton。
Scroop，BaronScroopofBoulton。
Sutton，BaronDudley。
Stourton，BaronStourton。
Nevill，BaronLatimer，diedsomeyearssincewithoutheirsmale;thetitlecontroverted。
Lumley，BaronLumley。
Blunt，BaronMontjoy。
Ogle，BaronOgle。
Darcy，BaronDarcy。
Parker，BaronMontegle，sonandheirofBaronMorley;hehasthisbaronyinrightofhismother，ofthefamilyofStanley。
Sandys，BaronSandys。
Vaux，BaronVaux。
Windsor，BaronWindsor。
Wentworth，BaronWentworth。
Borough，BaronBorough，reducedtowant。
BaronMordaunt。BaronEure。
BaronRich。BaronSheffield。
BaronNorth，PrivyCounsellor，andTreasureroftheHousehold。
BaronHunsdon，PrivyCounsellor，andLordChamberlain。
Sackville，BaronBuckhurst，PrivyCounsellor。
ThomasCecil，BaronBurleigh，sonoftheTreasurer。
Cecil，LordRoos，grandsonoftheTreasurer，yetachild：heholdsthebaronyinrightofhismother，daughtertotheEarlofRutland。
HowardofMaltravers，sonoftheEarlofArundel，notyetrestoredinblood。
BaronCheyny。
BaronCromwell。BaronWharton。
BaronWilloughbyofParham。
BaronPagett，inexile，attainted。
BaronChandois。BaronSt。John。
BaronDelaware：hisancestorstooktheKingofFranceprisoner。
BaronCompton，hassquanderedalmostallhissubstance。
BaronNorris。
ThomasHoward，secondsonoftheDukeofNorfolk，BaronAudleyofSaffronwalden，inhismother’sright。
William，thirdsonoftheDukeofNorfolk，isneitherabaron，noryetrestoredinblood。
Thusfarofnoblefamilies。
WesetoutfromLondoninaboat，andfelldowntheriver，leavingGreenwich，whichwehavespokenofbefore，ontherighthand。
Barking，atowninsightontheleft。
Gravesend，asmalltown，famousfortheconvenienceofitsport;thelargestDutchshipsusuallycallhere。Asweweretoproceedfartherfromhencebywater，wetookourlastleavehereofthenobleBohemianDavidStrziela，andhistutorTobiasSalander，ourconstantfellow-travellersthroughFranceandEngland，theydesigningtoreturnhomethroughHolland，weonasecondtourintoFrance;butitpleasedHeaventoputastoptotheirdesign，fortheworthyStrzielawasseizedwithadiarrhoeaafewdaysbeforeourdeparture，and，asweafterwardslearnedbylettersfromSalander，diedinafewdaysofaviolentfeverinLondon。
Queenborough：weleftthecastleonourright;alittlefartherwesawthefishingofoystersoutofthesea，whicharenowhereingreaterplentyorperfection;witnessOrteliusinhisEpitome，&c。
Whitstable;herewewentashore。
Canterbury;wecametoitonfoot;thisistheseatoftheArchbishop，PrimateofallEngland，averyancienttown，and，withoutdoubt，ofnoteinthetimeoftheRomans。
Herearetwomonasteriesalmostcontiguous，namelyofChristandSt。
Augustine，bothofthemoncefilledwithBenedictineMonks：theformerwasafterwardsdedicatedtoSt。ThomasaBecket，thenameofChristbeingobliterated;itstandsalmostinthemiddleofthetown，andwithsomuchmajestyliftsitself，anditstwotowers，toastupendousheight，that，asErasmussays，itstrikeseventhosewhoonlyseeitatadistancewithawe。
Inthechoir，whichisshutupwithironrails，arethefollowingmonuments：-
KingHenryIV。，withhiswifeJoanofNavarre，ofwhitemarble。
NicholasWootton，PrivyCounsellortoHenryVIII。，EdwardVI。，Mary，andElizabeth，KingsandQueensofEngland。
OfPrinceEdward，DukeofAquitaineandCornwall，andEarlofChester。
ReginaldPole，withthisinscription：
"TheremainsofReginaldPole，CardinalandArchbishopofCanterbury。"
CardinalChatillon。
Wewerethenshownthechairinwhichthebishopsareplacedwhentheyareinstalled。Inthevestibuleofthechurch，onthesouthside，standthestatuesofthreemenarmed，cutinstone，whoslewThomasaBecket，ArchbishopofCanterbury，madeasaintforthismartyrdom;theirnamesareadjoined-
Tusci，Fusci，Berri。{18}
Beingtiredwithwalking，werefreshedourselvesherewithamouthfulofbreadandsomeale，andimmediatelymountedpost-horses，andarrivedabouttwoorthreeo’clockinthemorningatDover。Inourwaytoit，whichwasroughanddangerousenough，thefollowingaccidenthappenedtous：ourguide，orpostillion，ayouth，wasbeforewithtwoofourcompany，aboutthedistanceofamusketshot;
we，bynotfollowingquickenough，hadlostsightofourfriends;wecameafterwardstowheretheroaddivided;ontherightitwasdown-
hillandmarshy，ontheleftwasasmallhill：whilstwestoppedhereindoubt，andconsultedwhichoftheroadsweshouldtake，wesawallonasuddenonourrighthandsomehorsemen，theirstature，dress，andhorsesexactlyresemblingthoseofourfriends;gladofhavingfoundthemagain，wedeterminedtosetonafterthem;butithappened，throughGod’smercy，thatthoughwecalledtothem，theydidnotanswerus，butkeptondownthemarshyroadatsucharate，thattheirhorses’feetstruckfireateverystretch，whichmadeus，withreason，begintosuspecttheywerethieves，havinghadwarningofsuch;orrather，thattheywerenocturnalspectres，who，aswewereafterwardstold，arefrequentlyseeninthoseplaces：therewerelikewiseagreatmanyJack-a-lanterns，sothatwewerequiteseizedwithhorrorandamazement！But，fortunatelyforus，ourguidesoonaftersoundedhishorn，andwe，followingthenoise，turneddowntheleft-handroad，andarrivedsafetoourcompanions;
who，whenwehadaskedthemiftheyhadnotseenthehorsemenwhohadgonebyus，answered，notasoul。Ouropinions，accordingtocustom，werevariousuponthismatter;butwhateverthethingwas，wewere，withoutdoubt，inimminentdanger，fromwhichthatweescaped，thegloryistobeascribedtoGodalone。
Dover，situatedamongcliffs（standingwheretheportitselfwasoriginally，asmaybegatheredfromanchorsandpartsofvesselsdugupthere），ismorefamousfortheconvenienceofitsport，whichindeedisnowmuchdecayed，anditspassagetoFrance，thanforeitheritseleganceorpopulousness：thispassage，themostusedandtheshortest，isofthirtymiles，which，withafavourablewind，mayberunoverinfiveorsixhours’time，asweourselvesexperienced;somereckonitonlyeighteentoCalais，andtoBoulognesixteenEnglishmiles，which，asOrteliussaysinhis"Theatrum，"
arelongerthantheItalian。
HerewasachurchdedicatedtoSt。MartinbyVictred，KingofKent，andahousebelongingtotheKnightsTemplars;ofeithertherearenownoremains。ItistheseatofasuffragantotheArchbishopofCanterbury，who，whentheArchbishopisemployeduponbusinessofmoreconsequence，managestheordinaryaffairs，butdoesnotinterferewiththearchiepiscopaljurisdiction。Uponahill，orratherrock，whichonitsrightsideisalmosteverywhereaprecipice，averyextensivecastlerisestoasurprisingheight，insizelikealittlecity，extremelywellfortified，andthick-setwithtowers，andseemstothreatentheseabeneath。MatthewPariscallsitthedoorandkeyofEngland;theordinarypeoplehavetakenintotheirheadsthatitwasbuiltbyJuliusCaesar;itislikelyitmightbytheRomans，fromthoseBritishbricksinthechapelwhichtheymadeuseofintheirfoundations。SeeCamden’s"Britannia。"
Afterwehaddined，wetookleaveofEngland。
FRAGMENTAREGALIA
OR，OBSERVATIONSONTHELATEQUEENELIZABETH，HERTIMES，AND
FAVOURITES。WRITTENBYSirRobertNaunton，MASTEROFTHECOURTOF
WARDS。A。D。1641。
Totakeherintheoriginal，shewasthedaughterofKingHenryVIII。byAnneBoleyn，thesecondofsixwiveswhichhehad，andoneofthemaidsofhonourtothedivorcedQueen，KatharineofAustria（or，asthenowstyled，InfantaofSpain），andfromthencetakentotheroyalbed。
Thatshewasofamostnobleandroyalextractbyherfatherwillnotfallintoquestion，foronthatsidewasdisemboguedintoherveins，byaconfluencyofblood，theveryabstractofallthegreatesthousesinChristendom：andremarkableitis，consideringthatviolentdesertionoftheRoyalHouseoftheBritonsbytheintrusionoftheSaxons，andafterwardsbytheconquestoftheNormans，that，throughvicissitudeoftimes，andafteradiscontinuancealmostofathousandyears，thesceptreshouldfallagainandbebroughtbackintotheoldregallineandtruecurrentoftheBritishblood，inthepersonofherrenownedgrandfather，KingHenryVII。，togetherwithwhatsoevertheGerman，Norman，Burgundian，Castilian，andFrenchachievements，withtheirintermarriages，whicheighthundredyearshadacquired，couldaddofglorythereunto。
Byhermothershewasofnosovereigndescent，yetnobleandveryancientinthefamilyofBoleyn;thoughsomeerroneouslybrandthemwithacitizen’sriseororiginal，whichwasyetbutofasecondbrother，who（asitwasdivineinthegreatnessandlustretocometohishouse）wassentintothecitytoacquirewealth，AD
AEDIFICANDAMANTIQUAMDOMUM，untowhoseachievements（forhewasLordMayorofLondon）fellin，asitisaverred，boththebloodandinheritanceoftheeldestbrotherforwantofissuemales，bywhichaccumulationthehousewithinfewdescentsmounted，INCULMEN
HONORIS，andwassuddenlydilatedinthebestfamiliesofEnglandandIreland：asHoward，Ormond，Sackville，andothers。
Havingthustouched，andnowleavingherstirp，Icometoherperson，andhowshecametothecrownbythedeceaseofherbrotherandsister。
UnderEdwardVI。shewashis，andoneofthedarlingsofFortune，for，besidestheconsiderationofblood，therewasbetweenthesetwoprincesaconcurrencyandsympathyoftheirnaturesandaffections，togetherwiththecelestialbond（confirmativereligion），whichmadethemone;fortheKingnevercalledherbyanyotherappellationbuthissweetestanddearestsister，andwasscarcehisownman，shebeingabsent;whichwasnotsobetweenhimandtheLadyMary。
Underhersister{19}shefoundherconditionmuchaltered;foritwasresolved，andherdestinyhaddecreedit，fortosetherapprenticeintheschoolofaffliction，andtodrawherthroughthatordeal-fireoftrial，thebettertomouldandfashionhertoruleandsovereignty：whichfinished，Fortunecallingtomindthatthetimeofherservitudewasexpired，gaveupherindentures，andtherewithdeliveredintohercustodyasceptreastherewardofherpatience;whichwasaboutthetwenty-sixthofherage：atimeinwhich，asforherinternalsgrownripe，andseasonedbyadversity，intheexerciseofhervirtue;for，itseems，Fortunemeantnomorebuttoshowherapieceofvarietyandchangeablenessofhernature，buttoconducthertoherdestiny，I。E。，felicity。
Shewasofpersontall，ofhairandcomplexionfair，andtherewithwellfavoured，buthigh-nosed;oflimbsandfeaturesneat;and，whichaddedtothelustreoftheseexternalgraces，ofastatelyandmajesticcomportment，participatinginthismoreofherfatherthanofhermother，whowasofaninferioralloy，plausible，or，astheFrenchhathit，moreDEBONAIREandaffable：virtueswhichmightwellsuitwithmajesty，andwhich，descendingashereditarytothedaughter，didrenderherofasweetertemper，andendearedhermoretotheloveandlikingofthepeople，whogaveherthenameandfameofamostgraciousandpopularprincess。
Theatrocityofthefather’snaturewasrebatedinherbythemother’ssweeterinclinations;for（totake，andthatnomorethanthecharacteroutofhisownmouth）HENEVERSPAREDMANINHIS
ANGER，NORWOMANINHISLUST。
Ifwesearchfartherintoherintellectualsandabilities，thewheel-courseofhergovernmentdeciphersthemtotheadmirationofposterity;foritwasfullofmagnanimity，temperedwithjustice，piety，andpity，and，tospeaktruth，notedbutwithoneactofstain，ortaint，allherdeprivations，eitheroflifeorliberty，beinglegalandnecessitated。Shewaslearned，hersexandtimeconsidered，beyondcommonbelief;forlettersaboutthistime，orsomewhatbefore，didbutbegintobeofesteemandinfashion，theformeragesbeingovercastwiththemistsandfogsoftheRoman{20}
ignorance;anditwasthemaximthatover-ruledtheforegoingtimes，thatIGNORANCEWASTHEMOTHEROFDEVOTION。Herwarswerealongtimemoreintheauxiliarypart，andassistanceofforeignprincesandstates，thanbyinvasionofany;tillcommonpolicyadvisedit，forasaferway，tostrikefirstabroad，thanathometoexpectthewar，inallwhichshewaseverfelicitousandvictorious。
Thechangeandalterationofreligionupontheinstantofheraccessiontothecrown（thesmokeandfireofhersister’smartyrdomsscarcelyquenched）wasnoneofherleastremarkableactions;butthesupportandestablishmentthereof，withthemeansofherownsubsistenceamidstsopowerfulenemiesabroad，andthosemanydomesticpractices，were，methinks，worksofinspiration，andofnohumanprovidence，which，onhersister’sdeparture，shemostreligiouslyacknowledged——ascribingthegloryofherdeliverancetoGodabove;forshebeingthenatHatfield，andunderaguard，andtheParliamentsittingattheself-sametime，atthenewsoftheQueen’sdeath，andherownproclamationbythegeneralconsentoftheHouseandthepublicsufferanceofthepeople，fallingonherknees，afteragoodtimeofrespiration，sheutteredthisverseofthePsalm：
"ADOMINOFACTUMESTISTUD，ETESTMIRABILEINOCULISNOSTRIS。"{21}
Andthiswefindtothisdayonthestampofhergold，withthisonhersilver：
"POSUIDEUMADJUTOREMMEUM。"{22}
HerministersandinstrumentsofState，suchaswerePARTICIPES
CURARUM，orboreagreatpartoftheburthen，wereMANY，andthoseMEMORABLE;buttheywereonlyFAVOURITES，andnotMINIONS;suchasactedmorebyHERprincelyrulesandjudgments，thanbytheirOWN
willsandappetites;forwesawnoGaveston，Vere，orSpencer，tohaveswayedalone，duringforty-fouryears，whichwasawell-settledandadvisedmaxim;foritvaluedherthemore，itawedthemostsecure，ittookbestwiththepeople，anditstavedoffallemulations，whichareapttoriseandventinobloquiousacrimonyevenagainsttheprince，wherethereisONEONLYadmittedintohighadministrations。