Bysayingsufficientweexpressallthatisnecessaryforaction；anditwillservelittlepurposefortheDominicanstoexclaimthattheyattachanothersensetotheexpression；thepeople，accustomedtothecommonacceptationofthatterm，wouldnotevenlistentotheirexplanation。ThustheSocietygainsasufficientadvantagefromtheexpressionwhichhasbeenadoptedbytheDominicans，withoutpressingthemanyfurther；andwereyoubutacquaintedwithwhatpassedunderPopesClementVIIIandPaulV，andknewhowtheSocietywasthwartedbytheDominicansintheestablishmentofthesufficientgrace，youwouldnotbesurprisedtofindthatitavoidsembroilingitselfinquarrelswiththemandallowsthemtoholdtheirownopinion，providedthatoftheSocietyisleftuntouched；andmoreespecially，whentheDominicanscountenanceitsdoctrine，byagreeingtoemploy，onallpublicoccasions，thetermsufficientgrace。"TheSociety，"hecontinued，"isquitesatisfiedwiththeircomplaisance。Itdoesnotinsistontheirdenyingthenecessityofefficaciousgrace，thiswouldbeurgingthemtoofar。Peopleshouldnottyrannizeovertheirfriends；andtheJesuitshavegainedquiteenough。Theworldiscontentwithwords；fewthinkofsearchingintothenatureofthings；andthusthenameofsufficientgracebeingadoptedonbothsides，thoughindifferentsenses，thereisnobody，exceptthemostsubtletheologians，whoeverdreamsofdoubtingthatthethingsignifiedbythatwordisheldbytheJacobinsaswellasbytheJesuits；
　　andtheresultwillshowthattheselastarenotthegreatestdupes。"I
　　acknowledgedthattheywereashrewdclassofpeople，theseJesuits；and，availingmyselfofhisadvice，IwentstraighttotheJacobins，atwhosegateIfoundoneofmygoodfriends，astaunchJansenist（foryoumustknowIhavegotfriendsamongallparties），whowascallingforanothermonk，differentfromhimwhomIwasinsearchof。Iprevailedonhim，however，aftermuchentreaty，toaccompanyme，andaskedforoneofmyNewThomists。
　　Hewasdelightedtoseemeagain。"Hownow！mydearfather，"Ibegan，"itseemsitisnotenoughthatallmenhaveaproximatepower，withwhichtheycanneveractwitheffect；theymusthavebesidesthisasufficientgrace，withwhichtheycanactaslittle。Isnotthatthedoctrineofyourschool？""Itis，"saidtheworthymonk；"andIwasupholdingitthisverymorningintheSorbonne。Ispokeonthepointduringmywholehalf—hour；
　　and，butforthesand—glass，Ibadefairtohavereversedthatwickedproverb，nowsocurrentinParis：’Hevoteswithoutspeaking，likeamonkintheSorbonne。’""Whatdoyoumeanbyyourhalf—hourandyoursand—glass？"I
　　asked；"dotheycutyourspeechesbyacertainmeasure？""Yes，"saidhe，"theyhavedonesoforsomedayspast。""Anddotheyobligeyoutospeakforhalfanhour？""No；wemayspeakaslittleasweplease。""Butnotasmuchasyouplease，saidI。"Owhatacapitalregulationfortheboobies！
　　whatablessedexcuseforthosewhohavenothingworththesaying！But，toreturntothepoint，father；thisgracegiventoallmenissufficient，isitnot？""Yes，"saidhe。"Andyetithasnoeffectwithoutefficaciousgrace？""Nonewhatever，"hereplied。"Andallmenhavethesufficient，"
　　continuedI，"andallhavenottheefficacious？""Exactly，"saidhe。"Thatis，"returnedI，"allhaveenoughofgrace，andallhavenotenoughofitthatis，thisgracesuffices，thoughitdoesnotsuffice—thatis，itissufficientinnameandinsufficientineffect！Ingoodsooth，father，thisisparticularlysubtledoctrine！Haveyouforgotten，sinceyouretiredtothecloister，themeaningattached，intheworldyouhavequitted，tothewordsufficient？don’tyourememberthatitincludesallthatisnecessaryforacting？Butno，youcannothavelostallrecollectionofit；for，toavailmyselfofanillustrationwhichwillcomehomemorevividlytoyourfeelings，letussupposethatyouweresuppliedwithnomorethantwoouncesofbreadandaglassofwaterdaily，wouldyoubequitepleasedwithyourpriorwerehetotellyouthatthiswouldbesufficienttosupportyou，underthepretextthat，alongwithsomethingelse，whichhowever，hewouldnotgiveyou，youwouldhaveallthatwouldbenecessarytosupportyou？
　　How，thencanyouallowyourselvestosaythatallmenhavesufficientgraceforacting，whileyouadmitthatthereisanothergraceabsolutelynecessarytoactingwhichallmenhavenot？Isitbecausethisisanunimportantarticleofbelief，andyouleaveallmenatlibertytobelievethatefficaciousgraceisnecessaryornot，astheychoose？Isitamatterofindifferencetosay，thatwithsufficientgraceamanmayreallyact？""How！"criedthegoodman；"indifference！itisheresy—formalheresy。Thenecessityofefficaciousgraceforactingeffectively，isapointoffaith—itisheresytodenyit。""Wherearewenow？"Iexclaimed；"andwhichsideamItotakehere？IfIdenythesufficientgrace，IamaJansenist。IfI
　　admitit，astheJesuitsdo，inthewayofdenyingthatefficaciousgraceisnecessary，Ishallbeaheretic，sayyou。AndifIadmitit，asyoudo，inthewayofmaintainingthenecessityofefficaciousgrace，Isinagainstcommonsense，andamablockhead，saytheJesuits。WhatmustI
　　do，thusreducedtotheinevitablenecessityofbeingablockhead，aheretic，oraJansenist？Andwhatasadpassarematterscometo，iftherearenonebuttheJansenistswhoavoidcomingintocollisioneitherwiththefaithorwithreason，andwhosavethemselvesatoncefromabsurdityandfromerror！"MyJansenistfriendtookthisspeechasagoodomenandalreadylookeduponmeasaconvert。Hesaidnothingtome，however；but，addressingthemonk："Pray，father，"inquiredhe，"whatisthepointonwhichyouagreewiththeJesuits？""Weagreeinthis，"hereplied，"thattheJesuitsandweacknowledgethesufficientgracegiventoall。""But，"saidtheJansenist，"therearetwothingsinthisexpressionsufficientgrace—thereisthesound，whichisonlysomuchbreath；andthereisthethingwhichitsignifies，whichisrealandeffectual。And，therefore，asyouareagreedwiththeJesuitsinregardtothewordsufficientandopposedtothemastothesense，itisapparentthatyouareopposedtotheminregardtothesubstanceofthatterm，andthatyouonlyagreewiththemastothesound。Isthiswhatyoucallactingsincerelyandcordially？""But，"saidthegoodman，"whatcausehaveyoutocomplain，sincewedeceivenobodybythismodeofspeaking？InourschoolsweopenlyteachthatweunderstanditinamannerdifferentfromtheJesuits。""WhatIcomplainof，"returnedmyfriend""is，thatyoudonotproclaimiteverywhere，thatbysufficientgraceyouunderstandthegracewhichisnotsufficient。Youareboundinconscience，bythusalteringthesenseoftheordinarytermsoftheology，totellthat，whenyouadmitasufficientgraceinallmen，youunderstandthattheyhavenotsufficientgraceineffect。Allclassesofpersonsintheworldunderstandthewordsufficientinoneandthesamesense；theNewThomistsaloneunderstanditinanothersense。Allthewomen，whoformone—halfoftheworld，allcourtiers，allmilitarymen，allmagistrates，alllawyers，merchants，artisans，thewholepopulace—inshort，allsortsofmen，excepttheDominicans，understandthewordsufficienttoexpressallthatisnecessary。Scarcelyanyoneisawareofthissingularexception。
　　Itisreportedoverthewholeearth，simplythattheDominicansholdthatallmenhavethesufficientgraces。Whatotherconclusioncanbedrawnfromthis，thanthattheyholdthatallmenhaveallthegracesnecessaryforaction；especiallywhentheyareseenjoinedininterestandintriguewiththeJesuits，whounderstandthethinginthatsense？Isnottheuniformityofyourexpressions，viewedinconnectionwiththisunionofparty，amanifestindicationandconfirmationoftheuniformityofyoursentiments？"Themultitudeofthefaithfulinquireoftheologians：Whatistherealconditionofhumannaturesinceitscorruption？St。AugustineandhisdisciplesreplythatithasnosufficientgraceuntilGodispleasedtobestowit。NextcometheJesuits，andtheysaythatallhavetheeffectuallysufficientgraces。TheDominicansareconsultedonthiscontrarietyofopinion；andwhatcoursedotheypursue？TheyunitewiththeJesuits；bythiscoalitiontheymakeupamajority；theysecedefromthosewhodenythesesufficientgraces；theydeclarethatallmenpossessthem。Who，onhearingthis，wouldimagineanythingelsethanthattheygavetheirsanctiontotheopinionoftheJesuits？Andthentheyaddthat，nevertheless，thesesaidsufficientgracesareperfectlyuselesswithouttheefficacious，whicharenotgiventoall！"ShallIpresentyouwithapictureoftheChurchamidsttheseconflictingsentiments？Iconsiderherverylikeamanwho，leavinghisnativecountryonajourney，isencounteredbyrobbers，whoinflictmanywoundsonhimandleavehimhalfdead。Hesendsforthreephysiciansresidentintheneighboringtowns。Thefirst，onprobinghiswounds，pronouncesthemmortalandassureshimthatnonebutGodcanrestoretohimhislostpowers。Thesecond，comingaftertheother，choosestoflattertheman—
　　tellshimthathehasstillsufficientstrengthtoreachhishome；and，abusingthefirstphysicianwhoopposedhisadvice，determinesuponhisruin。Inthisdilemma，thepoorpatient，observingthethirdmedicalgentlemanatadistance，stretchesouthishandstohimasthepersonwhoshoulddeterminethecontroversy。Thispractitioner，onexamininghiswounds，andascertainingtheopinionsofthefirsttwodoctors，embracesthatofthesecond，andunitingwithhim，thetwocombineagainstthefirst，andbeingthestrongerpartyinnumberdrivehimfromthefieldindisgrace。
　　Fromthisproceeding，thepatientnaturallyconcludesthatthelastcomerisofthesameopinionwiththesecond；and，onputtingthequestiontohim，heassureshimmostpositivelythathisstrengthissufficientforprosecutinghisjourney。Thewoundedman，however，sensibleofhisownweakness，begshimtoexplaintohimhowheconsideredhimsufficientforthejourney。’Because，’replieshisadviser，’youarestillinpossessionofyourlegs，andlegsaretheorganswhichnaturallysufficeforwalking。’
　　’But，’saysthepatient，’haveIallthestrengthnecessarytomakeuseofmylegs？for，inmypresentweakcondition，ithumblyappearstomethattheyarewhollyuseless。’’Certainlyyouhavenot，’repliesthedoctor；
　　’youwillneverwalkeffectively，unlessGodvouchsafessomeextraordinaryassistancetosustainandconductyou。’’What！’exclaimsthepoorman，’doyounotmeantosaythatIhavesufficientstrengthinme，soastowantfornothingtowalkeffectively？’’Veryfarfromit，’returnsthephysician。’Youmust，then，’saysthepatient，’beofadifferentopinionfromyourcompanionthereaboutmyrealcondition。’’ImustadmitthatIam，’repliestheother。"Whatdoyousupposethepatientsaidtothis？
　　Why，hecomplainedofthestrangeconductandambiguoustermsofthisthirdphysician。Hecensuredhimfortakingpartwiththesecond，towhomhewasopposedinsentiment，andwithwhomhehadonlythesemblanceofagreement，andforhavingdrivenawaythefirstdoctor，withwhomheinrealityagreed；
　　and，aftermakingatrialofstrength，andfindingbyexperiencehisactualweakness，hesentthembothabouttheirbusiness，recalledhisfirstadviser，puthimselfunderhiscare，andhaving，byhisadvice，imploredfromGodthestrengthofwhichheconfessedhisneed，obtainedthemercyhesought，and，throughdivinehelp，reachedhishouseinpeace。Theworthymonkwassoconfoundedwiththisparablethathecouldnotfindwordstoreply。
　　Tocheerhimupalittle，Isaidtohim，inamildtone："Butafterall，mydearfather，whatmadeyouthinkofgivingthenameofsufficienttoagracewhichyousayitisapointoffaithtobelieveis，infact，insufficient？"
　　"Itisveryeasyforyoutotalkaboutit，"saidhe。"Youareanindependentandprivateman；Iamamonkandinacommunity—cannotyouestimatethedifferencebetweenthetwocases？Wedependonsuperiors；theydependonothers。Theyhavepromisedourvotes—whatwouldyouhavetobecomeofme？"Weunderstoodthehint；andthisbroughttoourrecollectionthecaseofhisbrothermonk，who，forasimilarpieceofindiscretion，hasbeenexiledtoAbbeville。"But，"Iresumed，"howcomesitaboutthatyourcommunityisboundtoadmitthisgrace？""Thatisanotherquestion，"hereplied。
　　"AllthatIcantellyouis，inoneword，thatourorderhasdefended，totheutmostofitsability，thedoctrineofSt。Thomasonefficaciousgrace。Withwhatardordiditoppose，fromtheverycommencement，thedoctrineofMolina？HowdiditlabortoestablishthenecessityoftheefficaciousgraceofJesusChrist？Don’tyouknowwhathappenedunderClementVIII
　　andPaulV，andhow，theformerhavingbeenpreventedbydeath，andthelatterhinderedbysomeItalianaffairsfrompublishinghisbull，ourarmsstillsleepintheVatican？ButtheJesuits，availingthemselves，sincetheintroductionoftheheresyofLutherandCalvin，ofthescantylightwhichthepeoplepossessfordiscriminatingbetweentheerrorofthesemenandthetruthofthedoctrineofSt。Thomas，disseminatedtheirprincipleswithsuchrapidityandsuccessthattheybecame，erelong，mastersofthepopularbelief；whilewe，onourpart，foundourselvesinthepredicamentofbeingdenouncedasCalvinistsandtreatedastheJansenistsareatpresent，unlesswequalifiedtheefficaciousgracewith，atleast，theapparentavowalofasufficient。Inthisextremity，whatbettercoursecouldwehavetakenforsavingthetruth，withoutlosingourowncredit，thanbyadmittingthenameofsufficientgrace，whilewedeniedthatitwassuchineffect？Suchistherealhistoryofthecase。"ThiswasspokeninsuchamelancholytonethatIreallybegantopitytheman；notso，however，mycompanion。"Flatternotyourselves，"saidhetothemonk，"withhavingsavedthetruth；hadshenotfoundotherdefenders，inyourfeeblehandsshemusthaveperished。ByadmittingintotheChurchthenameofherenemy，youhaveadmittedtheenemyhimself。Namesareinseparablefromthings。
　　Ifthetermsufficientgracebeonceestablished，itwillbevainforyoutoprotestthatyouunderstandbyitagracewhichisnotsufficient。Yourprotestwillbeheldinadmissible。Yourexplanationwouldbescoutedasodiousintheworld，wheremenspeakmoreingenuouslyaboutmattersofinfinitelylessmoment。TheJesuitswillgainatriumph—itwillbetheirgrace，whichissufficientinfact，andnotyours，whichisonlysoinname，thatwillpassasestablished；andtheconverseofyourcreedwillbecomeanarticleoffaith。""Wewillallsuffermartyrdomfirst，"criedthefather，"ratherthanconsenttotheestablishmentofsufficientgraceinthesenseoftheJesuits。St。Thomas，whomwehavesworntofolloweventothedeath，isdiametricallyopposedtosuchdoctrine。"Tothismyfriend，whotookupthemattermoreseriouslythanIdid，replied："Comenow，father，yourfraternityhasreceivedanhonorwhichitsadlyabuses。Itabandonsthatgracewhichwasconfidedtoitscare，andwhichhasneverbeenabandonedsincethecreationoftheworld。Thatvictoriousgrace，whichwaswaitedforbythepatriarchs，predictedbytheprophets，introducedbyJesusChrist，preachedbySt。Paul，explainedbySt。Augustine，thegreatestofthefathers，embracedbyhisfollowers，confirmedbySt。Bernard，thelastofthefathers，supportedbySt。Thomas，theangeloftheschools，transmittedbyhimtoyourorder，maintainedbysomanyofyourfathers，andsonoblydefendedbyyourmonksunderPopesClementandPaul—thatefficaciousgrace，whichhadbeencommittedasasacreddepositintoyourhands，thatitmightfind，inasacredandeverlastingorder，asuccessionofpreachers，whomightproclaimittotheendoftime—isdiscardedanddesertedforintereststhemostcontemptible。Itishightimeforotherhandstoarminitsquarrel。
　　ItistimeforGodtoraiseupintrepiddisciplesoftheDoctorofgrace，who，strangerstotheentanglementsoftheworld，willserveGodforGod’ssake。Gracemaynot，indeed，numbertheDominicansamongherchampions，butchampionssheshallneverwant；for，byherownalmightyenergy，shecreatesthemforherself。Shedemandsheartspureanddisengaged；nay，sheherselfpurifiesanddisengagesthemfromworldlyinterests，incompatiblewiththetruthsoftheGospel。Reflectseriously，onthis，father；andtakecarethatGoddoesnotremovethiscandlestickfromitsplace，leavingyouindarknessandwithoutthecrown，asapunishmentforthecoldnesswhichyoumanifesttoacausesoimportanttohisChurch。"Hemighthavegoneoninthisstrainmuchlonger，forhewaskindlingasheadvanced，butIinterruptedhimbyrisingtotakemyleaveandsaid："Indeed，mydearfather，hadIanyinfluenceinFrance，Ishouldhaveitproclaimed，bysoundoftrumpet：’BEITKNOWNTOALLMEN，thatwhentheJacobinsSAY
　　thatsufficientgraceisgiventoall，theyMEANthatallhavenotthegracewhichactuallysuffices！’Afterwhich，youmightsayitoftenasyouplease，butnototherwise。"Andthusendedourvisit。Youwillperceive，therefore，thatwehavehereapoliticsufficiencysomewhatsimilartoproximatepower。MeanwhileImaytellyouthatitappearstomethatboththeproximatepowerandthissamesufficientgracemaybesafelydoubtedbyanybody，providedheisnotaJacobin。Ihavejustcometolearn，whenclosingmyletter，thatthecensurehaspassed。ButasIdonotyetknowinwhattermsitisworded，andasitwillnotbepublishedtillthe15thofFebruary，Ishalldelaywritingyouaboutittillthenextpost。Iam，&；c。REPLYOFTHE"PROVINCIAL"TOTHEFIRSTTWOLETTERSOFHISFRIEND
　　February2，1656SIR，Yourtwolettershavenotbeenconfinedtome。Everybodyhasseenthem，everybodyunderstandsthem，andeverybodybelievesthem。
　　Theyarenotonlyinhighreputeamongtheologians—theyhaveprovedagreeabletomenoftheworld，andintelligibleeventotheladies。InacommunicationwhichIlatelyreceivedfromoneofthegentlemenoftheAcademy—oneofthemostillustriousnamesinasocietyofmenwhoareallillustrious—
　　whohadseenonlyyourfirstletter，hewritesmeasfollows："IonlywishthattheSorbonne，whichowessomuchtothememoryofthelatecardinal，wouldacknowledgethejurisdictionofhisFrenchAcademy。Theauthoroftheletterwouldbesatisfied；for，inthecapacityofanacademician，Iwouldauthoritativelycondemn，Iwouldbanish，Iwouldproscribe—Ihadalmostsaidexterminate—totheextentofmypower，thisproximatepower，whichmakessomuchnoiseaboutnothingandwithoutknowingwhatitwouldhave。Themisfortuneisthatouracademicpowerisaverylimitedandremotepower。Iamsorryforit；andstillmoresorrythatmysmallpowercannotdischargemefrommyobligationstoyou，"&；c。Mynextextractisfromthepenofalady，whomIshallnotindicateinanywaywhatever。Shewritesthustoafemalefriendwhohadtransmittedtoherthefirstofyourletters：
　　"YoucanhavenoideahowmuchIamobligedtoyoufortheletteryousentme—itissoveryingenious，andsonicelywritten。Itnarrates，andyetitisnotanarrative；itclearsupthemostintricateandinvolvedofallpossiblematters；itsrailleryisexquisite；itenlightensthosewhoknowlittleaboutthesubjectandimpartsdoubledelighttothosewhounderstandit。Itisanadmirableapology；and，iftheywouldsotakeit，adelicateandinnocentcensure。Inshort，thatletterdisplayssomuchart，somuchspirit，andsomuchjudgment，thatIburnwithcuriositytoknowwhowroteit，"&；c。Youtoo，perhaps，wouldliketoknowwhotheladyisthatwritesinthisstyle；butyoumustbecontenttoesteemwithoutknowingher；whenyoucometoknowher，youresteemwillbegreatlyenhanced。Takemywordforit，then，andcontinueyourletters；andletthecensurecomewhenitmay，wearequitepreparedforreceivingit。Thesewordsproximatepowerandsufficientgrace，withwhichwearethreatened，willfrightenusnolonger。WehavelearnedfromtheJesuits，theJacobins，andM。leMoine，inhowmanydifferentwaystheymaybeturned，andhowlittlesoliditythereisinthesenew—fangledterms，togiveourselvesanytroubleaboutthem。Meanwhile，Iremain，&；c。LETTERIIIParis，February9，1658SIR，Ihavejustreceivedyourletter；
　　and，atthesametime，therewasbroughtmeacopyofthecensureinmanuscript。
　　IfindthatIamaswelltreatedintheformerasM。Arnauldisilltreatedinthelatter。Iamafraidthereissomeextravaganceinbothcasesandthatneitherofusissufficientlywellknownbyourjudges。SureIamthat，werewebetterknown，M。ArnauldwouldmerittheapprovaloftheSorbonne，andIthecensureoftheAcademy。Thusourinterestsarequiteatvariancewitheachother。Itishisinteresttomakehimselfknown，tovindicatehisinnocence；whereasitisminetoremaininthedark，forfearofforfeitingmyreputation。Prevented，therefore，fromshowingmyface，Imustdevolveonyouthetaskofmakingmyacknowledgmentstomyillustriousadmirers，whileIundertakethatoffurnishingyouwiththenewsofthecensure。Iassureyou，sir，ithasfilledmewithastonishment。
　　Iexpectedtofinditcondemningthemostshockingheresyintheworld，butyourwonderwillequalmine，wheninformedthatthesealarmingpreparations，whenonthepointofproducingthegrandeffectanticipated，haveallendedinsmoke。Tounderstandthewholeaffairinapleasantway，onlyrecollect，Ibeseechyou，thestrangeimpressionswhich，foralongtimepast，wehavebeentaughttoformoftheJansenists。Recalltomindthecabals，thefactions，theerrors，theschisms，theoutrages，withwhichtheyhavebeensolongcharged；themannerinwhichtheyhavebeendenouncedandvilifiedfromthepulpitandthepress；andthedegreetowhichthistorrentofabuse，soremarkableforitsviolenceandduration，hasswollenoflateyears，whentheyhavebeenopenlyandpubliclyaccusedofbeingnotonlyhereticsandschismatics，butapostatesandinfidels—with"denyingthemysteryoftransubstantiation，andrenouncingJesusChristandtheGospel。"
　　Afterhavingpublishedthesestartlingaccusations，itwasresolvedtoexaminetheirwritings，inordertopronouncejudgementonthem。ForthispurposethesecondletterofM。Arnauld，whichwasreportedtobefullofthegreatesterrors，isselected。Theexaminersappointedarehismostopenandavowedenemies。Theyemployalltheirlearningtodiscoversomethingthattheymightlayholdupon，andatlengththeyproduceonepropositionofadoctrinalcharacter，whichtheyexhibitforcensure。Whatelsecouldanyoneinferfromsuchproceedingsthanthatthisproposition，selectedundersuchremarkablecircumstances，wouldcontaintheessenceoftheblackestheresiesimaginable。AndyetthepropositionsoentirelyagreeswithwhatisclearlyandformallyexpressedinthepassagesfromthefathersquotedbyM。ArnauldthatIhavenotmetwithasingleindividualwhocouldcomprehendthedifferencebetweenthem。Still，however，itmightbeimaginedthattherewasaverygreatdifference；forthepassagesfromthefathersbeingunquestionablyCatholic，thepropositionofM。Arnauld，ifheretical，mustbewidelyopposedtothem。SuchwasthedifficultywhichtheSorbonnewasexpectedtoclearup。AllChristendomwaited，withwide—openedeyes，todiscover，inthecensureoftheselearneddoctors，thepointofdifferencewhichhadprovedimperceptibletoordinarymortals。MeanwhileM。Arnauldgaveinhisdefences，placinghisownpropositionandthepassagesofthefathersfromwhichhehaddrawnitinparallelcolumns，soastomaketheagreementbetweenthemapparenttothemostobtuseunderstandings。Heshows，forexample，thatSt。Augustinesaysinonepassagethat"JesusChristpointsouttous，inthepersonofSt。Peter，arighteousmanwarningusbyhisfalltoavoidpresumption。"Hecitesanotherpassagefromthesamefather，inwhichhesays"thatGod，inordertoshowusthatwithoutgracewecandonothing，leftSt。Peterwithoutgrace。"Heproducesathird，fromSt。Chrysostom，whosays，"thatthefallofSt。Peterhappened，notthroughanycoldnesstowardsJesusChrist，butbecausegracefailedhim；
　　andthathefell，notsomuchthroughhisownnegligenceasthroughthewithdrawmentofGod，asalessontothewholeChurch，thatwithoutGodwecandonothing。"Hethengiveshisownaccusedproposition，whichisasfollows："Thefatherspointouttous，inthepersonofSt。Peter，arighteousmantowhomthatgracewithoutwhichwecandonothingwaswanting。"
　　InvaindidpeopleattempttodiscoverhowitcouldpossiblybethatM。
　　Arnauld’sexpressiondifferedfromthoseofthefathersasmuchasthetruthfromerrorandfaithfromheresy。Forwherewasthedifferencetobefound？Coulditbeinthesewords："thatthefatherspointouttous，inthepersonofSt。Peter，arighteousman"？St。Augustinehassaidthesamethinginsomanywords。Isitbecausehesays"thatgracehadfailedhim"？ThesameSt。Augustinewhohadsaidthat"St。Peterwasarighteousman，"says"thathehadnothadgraceonthatoccasion。"Isit，then，forhishavingsaid"thatwithoutgracewecandonothing"？Why，isnotthisjustwhatSt。Augustinesaysinthesameplace，andwhatSt。Chrysostomhadsaidbeforehim，withthisdifferenceonly，thatheexpressesitinmuchstrongerlanguage，aswhenhesays"thathisfalldidnothappenthroughhisowncoldnessornegligence，butthroughthefailureofgrace，andthewithdrawmentofGod"？Suchconsiderationsasthesekepteverybodyinastateofbreathlesssuspensetolearninwhatthisdiversitycouldconsist，whenatlength，afteragreatmanymeetings，thisfamousandlong—looked—forcensuremadeitsappearance。But，alas！ithassadlybaulkedourexpectation。