ItisbutsixmonthssincePolishPatriotism，soeffulgenttoitsowneyesinOrthodoxy，inLoveofgloriousLiberty，confederatedatBar，andgotintothatextraordinarywhirlpool，orcesspool，ofmiseriesanddeliriumswehavebeenlookingat；andnowithasissuedonabroadhighwayofprogress，——broadandprecipitous，——andwillrapidlyarriveatthegoalsetbeforeit。Allwassorapid，onthePolishandontheTurkishpart。TheblindTurks，outofmerefanaticismandheatofhumor，haverushedintothisadventure；——andgorushingforwardintoaseriesofchaoticplatitudesonthehugescale，andmeretragicaldisasters，yearafteryear，whichwouldhavebeencomical，hadtheynotbeensohideousandsanguinary:
constantandenormousblundersontheTurkpart，issuingindisastersoflikemagnitude；whichinthecourseofTwoCampaignshadquitefinishedofftheirPolishfriends，inaveryunexpectedway；andhadliketohavefinishedthemselvesoff，hadnotdrownedPolandservedasastepping—stone。
NottillMarch26th，1769，sixmonthsafterdeclaringinsuchhaste，didtheblindTurks"displaytheirBannerofMahomet，"thatis，begininearnesttoassembleandmakeready。NorweretheRussiansshininglystrategic，thoughsoonerinthefield，——aPrinceGalitzincommandingthem（anextremelypurblindperson）；
tillreplacedbyRomanzow，ouroldColbergacquaintance，whosawconsiderablybetter。Galitzin，earlyintheseason，madearushonChoczim（ChoTzim），thefirstTurkFortbeyondtheDniester；
andaltogetherfailed，——notbyTurkprowess，butbyhisownpurblindmal—arrangements（wantofammunition，wantofbread，orI
willforgetwhat）；——whichoccasionedmightygrumblingsinRussia:
tillinamonthortwo，byfavorofFortuneandblindnessoftheTurk，mattershadcomewellroundagain；andGalitzin，walkinguptoChoczimthesecondtime，foundtherewasnotaTurkintheplace，andthatChoczimwasnowhisonthoseuncommonlyeasyterms！
InsteadoffartherdetailsonsuchaWar，——theshadoworreflexofwhich，asmirroredintheAustrianmind，hasanimportancetoFriedrichandus；buttheselforsubstanceofwhichhasotherwiselittleornone，——wewillcloseherewithabitofRussiansatireonit，whichisstillworthreading。ThedateisevidentlySpring，1769；thescenewhatwearenowtreatingof:GalitzinobligedtofallbackfromChoczim；greatrumor——"WhataGalitzin；whataTurkWarhis，incontrasttothelastwehad！"[TurkWarof1736—1739，underMunnich（supra，vii。81—126）。]——noRomanzowyetappointedinhisroom。AndhereisasmallManuscript，whichwasthencirculatingfreshandnewinRussianSociety；andhassincegoneoveralltheworld（thoughmostlyinanuncertaincondition，inoldJest—Booksandthelike），asagenuinebitofCAVIAREfromthoseNorthernparts:——
MANUSCRIPTCIRCULATINGINRUSSIANSOCIETY。Galitzin，muchgrievedaboutChoczim，couldnotsleep；and，wanderingaboutinhistent，overheard，onenight，acommonsoldierrecountinghisdreamtothesentryoutsidethedoor。
"Acuriousdream，"saidthesoldier:"IdreamtIwasinabattle；
thatIgotmyheadcutoff；thatIdied；and，ofcourse，wenttoHeaven。Iknockedatthedoor:PetercamewithabunchofKeys；
andmadesuchrattlingthatheawokeGod；whostartedupinhaste，asking，’Whatisthematter？’’Why，’saysPeter，’thereisagreatWaronearthbetweentheRussiansandtheTurks。’’AndwhocommandsmyRussians？’saidtheSupremeBeing。’CountMunnich，’answeredPeter。’Verywell；Imaygotosleepagain！’——Butthiswasnottheendofmydream，"continuedthesoldier；"Ifellasleepanddreamtagain，theverysameasbefore，exceptthattheWarwasnotCountMunnich’s，buttheonewearenowin。Accordingly，whenGodasked，’WhocommandsmyRussians？’Peteranswered，’PrinceGalitzin。’
’Galitzin？Thengetmemyboots！’saidthe[Russian]SupremeBeing。"[W。Richardson（thenatPetersburg，TutortoExcellencyCathcart’sChildren；afterwardsProfessoratGlasgow，andamanofSomereputationinhisoldage），AnecdotesoftheRussianEmpire，inaSeriesofLetterswrittenafewyearsagofromSt。
Petersburg（London，1784），p。110:dateofthisLetteris"17thOctober，1769。"]
ChapterIV。
PARTITIONOFPOLAND。
ThesePolishphenomenawerebeginningtoawakenagooddealofattention，notallofitpleasant，onthepartofFriedrich。
Fromthefirsthehad，asusual，beenamostclear—eyedobserverofeverything；andfoundthebusiness，asappears，notoftragicalnature，butofexpensive—farcical，capabletoshakethediaphragmratherthantouchtheheartofareflectiveon—looker。HehasaconsiderablePoemonit，——WAROFTHECONFEDERATESbytitle（intheoldstyleofthePALLADION，imitatinganunattainableJEANNE
D’ARC），——considerablePoem，nowformingitselfatleisureinhisthoughts，["LAGUERREDESCONFEDERES[OEuvres，xiv。183etseq。]，finishedinNovember，1771。"]whichdecidedlytakesthatturn；andlaughsquiteloudattherabidfanaticisms，blusterousinanitiesandimbecilitiesofthesenoisyunfortunateneighbors:——oldunpleasantstyleofthePALLADIONandPUCELLE；butmuchbetterworthreading；havingagreatdealofsharpsenseinitslaughingguise，andmoreofrealHistoricalDiscernmentthanyouwillfindinanyotherBookonthatdelirioussubject。
Muchalaughing—stocktothisKinghitherto，sucha"WaroftheConfederates，"——consistingofthenoisiest，emptiestbedlamtumults，seasonedbyaproportionofhomicide，andagreatdealofbatteryandarson。Butnow，withaRussian—TurkWarspringingfromit，oralreadysprung，therearequiteseriousaspectsrisingamidthelaughable。ByTreaty，thisWaristocosttheKingeithera12，000ofAuxiliariestotheCzarina，ora72，000pounds（480，000
thalers）annually；[OEuvresdeFrederic，
vi。13。]——whichlatterhepreferstopayher，asthealternative:
notanagreeablefeatureatall；butbynomeanstheworstfeature。
SupposeitleadtoRussianconquestsontheTurk，toAustriancomplicacies，tooneknowsnotwhat，andkindletheworldroundoneagain！Inshort，wecanbelieveFriedrichwasverywillingtostandwellwithnext—doorneighborsatpresent，andbeciviltoAustriaanditsyoungKaiser’scivilities。
FIRSTINTERVIEWBETWEENFRIEDRICHANDKAISERJOSEPH
（Neisse，25th—28thAugust，1769）。
In1766，theyoungKaiser，whohaschargeoftheMilitaryDepartment，andoflittleelseintheGovernment，andisalreadyagreattraveller，andenthusiasticsoldier，madeapilgrimageovertheBohemianandSaxonBattle—fieldsoftheSeven—YearsWar。
Onsomeofthem，whetheronallIdonotknow，hesetupmemorial—
stones；oneofwhichyoustillseeonthefieldofLobositz；——ofanotheronPragfield，andofreverentsalutationbyArtillerytothememoryofSchwerinthere，weheardlongago。ComingtoTorgauonthiserrand，theKaiser，throughhisBerlinMinister，hadsignifiedhis"particulardesiretomakeacquaintancewiththeKinginreturning；"towhichtheKingwasreadywiththereadiest；——
onlythatKaunitzandtheKaiserinn，intheinterim，judgeditimproper，andstoppedit。"ThereportedInterviewisnottotakeplace，"FriedrichwarnstheNewspapers；"havingbeengivenup，thoughonlyfromcourtesy，onsomepointsofceremonial。"
["FRIEDRICHTOONEOFHISFOREIGNAMBASSADORS"（thecommonwayofannouncinginNewspapers）:Preuss，iv。22n。]
TheyoungKaiserfeltalittlehuffed；andsignifiedtoFriedrichthathewouldfindatimetomakegoodthisbitofuncivility，whichhispedagogueshadforceduponhim。Andnow，afterthreeyears，August，1769，onoccasionoftheSilesianReviews，theKaiseristocomeacrossfromhisBohemianbusinesses，andactuallyvisithim:InterviewtobeatNeisse，25thAugust，1769，forthreedays。OfcoursetheKingwaspunctual，everybodywaspunctual，gladandcordialafterasort，——noceremony，theKaiser，officiallyincognito，isamereGrafvonFalkenstein，cometoseehisMajesty’sReviews。TherecamewithhimfourorfiveGenerals，Loudononeofthem；Lacyhadpreceded:Friedrichisinthepalaceoftheplace，readyandexpectant。WithFriedrichare:PrinceHenri；PrinceofPrussia；MargrafofAnspach:Friedrich’sNephew（LadyCraven’sMargraf，theoneremnantnowleftthere）；andsomeGeneralsandMilitaryfunctionaries，Seidlitzthenotablestfigureofthese。Andso，FRIDAY，AUGUST25th，shortlyafternoon——ButthefollowingTwoLetters，byanEye—witness，willbepreferable；
andindeedaretheonlyrealNarrativethatcanbegiven:——
No。1。ENGINEERLEFEBVRETOPERPETUALSECRETARYFORMEY
（atBerlin）。
"NEISSE，26th[partly25th]August，1769。
"MYMOSTWORTHYFRIEND，—ImakehastetoinformyouoftheKaiser’sarrivalhereatNeisse，thisday，25thAugust，1769，atoneintheafternoon。TheKinghadspentthemorninginaproofManoeuvre，makingrehearsaloftheManoeuvrethatwastobe。WhentheKaiserwasreportedjustcoming，theKingwenttothewindowofthegrandEpiscopalSaloon，andseeinghimalightfromhiscarriage，turnedroundandsaid，’JEL’AIVU（Ihaveseenhim）。’HisMajestythenwenttoreceivehimonthegrandstaircase[hadhardlydescendedthreeorfoursteps]，wheretheyembraced；andthenhisMajestyledbythehandhisaugustGuestintotheApartmentsdesignedforhim，whichwereallstandingopenandready，"——which，however，theaugustGuestwillnotoccupyexceptwithagratefulimagination，beingforthepresentincognito，mereGrafvonFalkenstein，andjudgingthatTHETHREE—KINGSInnwillbesuitabler。
"ArrivedintheApartments，theyembracedanew；andsattalkingtogetherforanhourandhalf。——
[Thetalk，unknowntoLefebvre，beganinthisstrain。KAISER:"Nowaremywishesfulfilled，sinceIhavethehonortoembracethegreatestofKingsandSoldiers。"KING:"Ilookuponthisdayasthefairestofmylife；foritwillbecometheepochofunitingTwoHouseswhichhavebeenenemiestoolong，andwhosemutualinterestsrequirethattheyshouldstrengthen，notweakenoneanother。"KAISER:"ForAustriathereisnoSilesiafarther。"[Preuss，v。23；OEuvresdeFrederic，vi。25，26。]Talk，itappears，lastedanhourandhalf。]
——"TheKaiser[continuesourEngineer]
hadbroughtwithhimthePrinceofSachsen—Teschen[hisaugustBrother—in—law，DukeofTeschen，sonofthelatePolishMajestyoffamousmemory]:afterwardstherecameFeldmarschallLacy，GrafvonDietrichstein，GeneralvonLoudon，"andthreeothersofnoaccounttous。"AttheKing’stableweretheKaiser，thePrinceofPrussia[dissoluteyoungHeir—Apparent，ofthepolygamoustendency]，PrinceHenri，theMargrafofAnspach[King’sNephew，unfortunateLady—
CravenMargraf，ultimatelyofHammersmithvicinity]；theaboveGeneralsoftheAustriansuite，andGeneralsSeidlitzandTauentzien。TherestoftheCourtwasattwoothertables。"OfthedinneritselfanOutsideIndividualwillsaynothing。
"TheKaiser，havingexpresslyrequestedtheKingtolethimlodgeinanInn（THREEKINGS），underthenameofGrafvonFalkenstein，wouldnotgointothecarriagewhichhadstoodexpresslyreadytoconducthimthither。Hepreferredwalkingonfoot[theloftilyscornfulIncognito]inspiteoftherain；itwaslikealieutenantofinfantrysteppingoutofhisquarters。Somemomentsafter，theKingwenttovisithim；andtheyremainedtogetherfrom5intheeveningtill8。Itwasthoughttheywouldbepresent（ASSISTER）ataComicOperawhichwastobeplayed:butafterwaitingtill7
o’clock，thepeoplereceivedorderstogoonwiththePiece；"——bothMajestiesdidafterwardslookin；butfindingitbad，soonwenttheirwayagain。（MAJORLEFEBVRESTOPSWRITINGFORTHENIGHT。）
"Thismorning，26th，theManoeuvre[rehearsedyesterday]hasbeenperformedbeforeboththeirMajesties；thetroops，bywayoffinish，filingpasttheminthehighestorder。TheKaiseraccompaniedtheKingtohisabode；afterwhichhereturnedtohisown。ThisisallthenewsIhaveto—day:thesequelbynextPost[apparentlyaweekhence）。Iam，andshalleverbe，——yourtrueFriend，LEFEBVRE。"
No。2。SAMETOSAME。
"NEISSE，2dSeptember，1769。
"MONSIEURANDDEARESTFRIEND，——Wehad，asyouheard，ourfirstManoeuvreonSaturday，26th，inpresenceoftheKaiserandtheKing，andofthewholeCourtofeach。ThateveningtherewasOpera；
whichtheirMajestieshonoredbyattending。SundaywasourSecondManoeuvre；OPERETTEintheevening。Monday，28th，wasourlastManoeuvre；attheendofwhichthetwoMajesties，withoutalightingfromhorseback，embracedeachother；andparted，protestingmutuallythemostconstantandinviolablefriendship。OnetooktheroadforBreslau；theotherthatofKonigsgratz。AllthetimetheKaiserwashere，theyhavebeencontinuallytalkingtogether，andexhibitingthetenderestfriendship，——fromwhichIcannotbutthinktherewillbenefitresult。
"IamalmostinthemindofcomingtopassthisWinteratBerlin；
thatImayhavethepleasureofembracingyou，——perhapsascordiallyasKingandKaiserhere。Iam，andshallalwaysbe，withallmyheart，——yourverygoodFriend，"LEFEBVRE。"
[Formey，Souvenirsd’unCitoyen，ii。
145—148。]
TheLefebvrethatwriteshereisthesamewhowassettomanagethelastSiegeofSchweidnitz，byGlobesofCompressionandotherfineinventions；andalmostwentoutofhiswitsbecausehecouldnotdoit。Anexpertingeniouscreature；skilfulasanengineer；hadbeenbroughtintoFriedrich’sservicebythelateBalbi，duringBalbi’sascendency（whichendedatOlmutzlongago）。AtSchweidnitz，andoftenelsewhere，Friedrich，whohadanesteemforpoorLefebvre，wasgoodtohim；andtreatedhisexcitabilitieswithasofthand，notarough。OnceatNeisse（1771，secondyearaftertheseLetters），onlookingroundattheworksdonesincelastreview，insightofalltheGarrisonheembracedLefebvre，whilecommendinghisexcellentperformance；whichfilledthepoorsoulwithanowunimaginablejoy。
"HELAS，"saysFormey，"thepoorGentlemanwrotetomeofhisendlesssatisfaction；andhowhehopedtogetthroughhisbuilding，andretireonhalf—paythisveryseason，thenceforthtobelongtotheAcademyandme；hehadbeenMemberfortwentyyearspast。"
Withthisview，thinksFormey，hemostlikelyhastenedonhisbuildingstoofast:certainitis，abarrackhewasbuildingtumbledsuddenly，andsomeworkmenperishedintheruins。
"EnemiesatCourtsuggested，"ortheaccidentitselfsuggestedwithoutanyenemy，"Hasnothebeenplayingfalse，usingcheapbadmaterials？"——andFriedrichorderedhimarrestinhisownApartments，tillthequestionwereinvestigated。ExcitableLefebvrewasliketolosehiswits，almosttoleapoutofhisskin。
"Oneeveningatsupper，hemanagedtosmuggleawayaknife；and，inthecourseofthenight，gavehimselfsixteenstabswithit；
whichatlengthsufficed。TheKingsaid，’HehasusedhimselfworsethanIshouldhavedone；’andwasverysorry。"OfLefebvre’sscientificstructures，globesofcompressionandtherest，Iknownotwhetheranythingisleft；theaboveTwoNotes，thrownofftoFormey，wereaccidentallyahit，and，inthegreatblank，maylastalongwhile。
TheKingfoundthisyoungKaiseraveryprettyman；andcouldhavelikedhimconsiderably，hadtheirmutualpositionspermitted。
"Hehadafranknessofmannerwhichseemednaturaltohim，"saystheKing；"inhisamiablecharacter，gayetyandgreatvivacitywereprominentfeatures。"Byaccidentalchinks，however，onesaw"anambitionbeyondmeasure"burningintheinteriorofthisyoungman，[OEuvresdeFrederic，（inMemoiresde1763jusqu’a1775，aChapterwhichyieldsthebriefest，andtheonecompletelyintelligibleaccountweyethaveofthoseaffairs），vi。25。]——letanoldKingbewary。Athreedays，clearly，tobemarkedinchalk；radiantoutwardlytoboth；toacertaindepth，sincere；anduncommonlypleasantforthetime。
KingandKaiserwereseenwalkingaboutarminarm。AtoneoftheReviewsaNotewasbroughttoFriedrich:hereadit，aNotefromherImperialMajesty；andhandingittoKaiserJoseph，kisseditfirst。Atparting，hehadgivenJoseph，bywayofkeepsake，acopyofMarechaldeSaxe’sREVERIES（astrangeMilitaryFarrago，dictated，Ishouldthink，underopium["MESREVERIES；OUVRAGE
POSTHUME，par"&c。（2vols。4to:AmsterdametLeipzig，1757）。]）:
thisBooklaycontinuallythereafterontheKaiser’snight—table；
andwasfoundthereathisdeath，Twenty—oneyearshence，——notapageofitread，theleavesallstickingtogetherundertheirbrightgilding。[Preuss，iv。24n。]
Itwaslongbelieved，bypersonscapableofseeingintomillstones，that，undercoverofthisNeisseInterview，therewereimportantPoliticalnegotiationsandconsultingscarriedon；——thathere，andinaSecondIntervieworReturn—Visit，ofwhichpresently，laytherealfoundationofthePolishCatastrophe。WhatofPoliticalpassedattheSecondInterviewreadersshallseeforthemselves，fromanexcellentAuthority。Astowhatpassedatthepresent（"mutualword—of—honor:shouldEnglandandFrancequarrel，wewillstandneutral"[OEuvresdeFrederic，ubisupra。]），itistooinsignificantforbeingshowntoreaders。Dialoguestherewere，delicatelyholdingwideofthemark，andatlengthcomingcloseenough；but，atneithertheoneInterviewnortheother，wasPolandatallapartyconcerned，——though，beyonddoubt，theTurkWarwas；silentlythisfirsttime，andwithclearvocalityonthesecondoccasion。
InspiteofGalitzin’sblunders，theTurkWarisgoingonatafinerateinthesemonths；Turks，bythehundredthousand，gettingscatteredinpanicrout:——butwewillsaynothingofitjustyet。
PolishConfederation——horror—struck，asmaybeimagined，atitsauxiliaryBrotheroftheSunandMoonandhisperformances——iswelteringinviolentlyimpotentspasmsintodeeperandeverdeeperwretchedness，FriedrichsometimesthinkingofaBurlesquePoemonthesubject；——thoughtheRussiansuccesses，andtheAustriangrudgingsandgloomings，arerisingonhimasaveryseriousconsideration。"Istherenomethod，then，ofallowingRussiatoprosecuteitsTurkWarinspiteofAustriaanditsumbrages？"
thinksFriedrichsometimes，inhisanxietiesaboutPeaceinEurope:——"IftheUkraine，anditsmealfortheArmies，werebutRussia’s！Atpresent，Austriacanstrikeinthere，cutofftheprovisions，andatonceputaspokeinRussia’swheel。"
Friedrichtellsus，"he（ON，"theKinghimself，whatIdonotfindinanyotherBook）"senttoPetersburg，underthenameofCountLynar，theseraphicDanishGentleman，who，in1757，hadbroughtabouttheConventionofKloster—Zeven，aProject，orSketchofPlan，forPartitioningcertainProvincesofPoland，inthatview；"
——theLynaropining，sofarasIcansee，somewhatasfollows:
"RussiatolayholdoftheessentialbitofPolishTerritoryforprovisioningitselfagainsttheTurk，andallowtoAustriaandPrussiacertainotherbits；whichwouldcontenteverybody，andenableRussiaandChristendomtoextrudeandsuppressADLIBITUM
thatabominablemassofMahometanSensualism，DarknessandFanaticismfromthefairestpartofGod’sCreation。"AnexcellentProject，thoughnotsuccessful！"TowhichPetersburg，intoxicatedwithitsownoutlooksonTurkey，paidnottheleastattention，"
saystheKing。[OEuvresdeFrederic，vi。26。]
Hegivesnodatetothiscuriousstatement；nordoesanybodyelsementionitatall；butwemayfancyittohavebeenofWinter，1769—1770，——andleaveitwiththecurious，ortheidlycurious，sincenothingcameofitnoworafterwards。
POTSDAM，20th—29thOCTOBER，1769。OnlytwomonthsafterNeisse，whatkindlesPotsdamintosuddensplendor，ElectressMarie—AntoinemakesaVisitofninedaystotheKing。"InJulylast，"saysacertainNoteofours，"theElectresswasinvitedtoBerlin，toaWedding；’wouldhavebeendelightedtocome，butletterofinvitationarrivedtoolate。Will，however，notgiveuptheplanofseeingthegreatFriedrich。’ComestoPotsdam20th—29thOctober。
Staysninedays；muchdelighted，both，withthevisit。
’Magnificentpalaces，pleasantgardens，ravishingconcerts，charmingPrincesandPrincesses:thepleasantest...剩余内容请长按扫描二维码或下载丁香书院APP继续免费看：
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