HethankedJasminforhisferventeulogy。WhilehethoughtthattheGasconpoet’spraiseofhisworkswasexaggerated,hebelievedinhissincerity。”Ihasten,”saidBeranger,”toexpressmythanksforthekindnessofyouraddress。Believeinmysincerity,asIbelieveinyourpraises。Yourexaggerationofmypoeticalmeritsmakesmerepeatthefirstwordsofyouraddress,inwhichyouassumethetitleofaGascon[2]poet。ItwouldpleasememuchbetterifyouwouldbeaFrenchpoet,asyouprovebyyourepistle,whichiswrittenwithtasteandharmony。ThesympathyofoursentimentshasinspiredyoutopraisemeinamannerwhichIamfarfrommeriting,Nevertheless,sir,Iamproudofyoursympathy。”Youhavebeenbornandbroughtupinthesameconditionasmyself。Likeme,youappeartohavetriumphedovertheabsenceofscholasticinstruction,and,likemetoo,youloveyourcountry。Youreproachme,sir,withthesilencewhichIhaveforsometimepreserved。AttheendofthisyearIintendtopublishmylastvolume;Iwillthentakemyleaveofthepublic。
Iamnowfifty-twoyearsold。Iamtiredoftheworld。
Mylittlemissionisfulfilled,andthepublichashadenoughofme。Iamthereforemakingarrangementsforretiring。Withoutthedesireforlivinglonger,Ihavebrokensilencetoosoon。
Atleastyoumustpardonthesilenceofonewhohasneverdemandedanythingofhiscountry。Icarenothingaboutpower,andhavenowmerelytheambitionofamorselofbreadandrepose。”Iaskyourpardonforsubmittingtoyouthesepersonaldetails。
Butyourepistlemakesitmyduty。Ithankyouagainforthepleasureyouhavegivenme。IdonotunderstandthelanguageofLanguedoc,but,ifyouspeakthislanguageasyouwriteFrench,Idaretoprophecyatruesuccessinthefurtherpublicationofyourworks——BERANGER。”[3]
NotwithstandingthisadviceofBerangerandothercritics,JasmincontinuedtowritehispoemsintheGascondialect。
HehadverylittletimetospareforthestudyofclassicalFrench;hewasoccupiedwiththetradebywhichheearnedhisliving,andhisbusinesswasincreasing。Hiscustomerswerealwayshappytohearhimrecitehispoetrywhileheshavedtheirbeardsordressedtheirhair。
HewasequallyunfortunatewithM。MinierofBordeaux。
JasminaddressedhiminaGasconletterfullofbrightpoetry,notunlikeBurns’sVision,whenhedreamtofbecomingasong-writer。TheonlyconsolationthatJasminreceivedfromM。
Minierwasapoeticalletter,inwhichthepoetwasimploredtoretainhispositionandnottofrequentthesocietyofdistinguishedpersons。
PerhapsthefinestworkwhichJasmincomposedatthisperiodofhislifewasthatwhichheentitledMousSoubenis,or’MyRecollections。’Innoneofhispoemsdidhedisplaymoreofthecharacteristicqualitiesofhismind,hiscandour,hispathos,andhishumour,thanintheseverses。Heusedtherusticdialect,fromwhichheneverafterwardsdeparted。HeshowedthattheGasconwasnotyetadeadlanguage;andheliftedittothelevelofthemostseriousthemes。Hisverseshaveallthegreatercharmbecauseoftheirartlessgaiety,theirdelicatetaste,andthesweetnessoftheircadence。
Jasminbegantocomposehis’Recollections’in1830,butthetwofirstcantoswerenotcompleteduntiltwoyearslater。
Thethirdcantowasaddedin1835,whenthepoemwaspublishedinthefirstvolumeofhis’Curl-Papers’Papillotes。Theserecollections,infact,constituteJasmin’sautobiography,andweareindebtedtothemforthedescriptionwehavealreadygivenofthepoet’searlylife。
ManyyearslaterJasminwrotehisMousnoubelsSoubenis——
’MyNewRecollections’;butinthatworkhereturnedtothetrialsandtheenjoymentsofhisyouth,anddescribedfewoftheeventsofhislaterlife。”Whatapity,”saysM。Rodiere,”thatJasmindidnotcontinuetowritehisimpressionsuntiltheendofhislife!Whattroublehewouldhavesavedhisbiographers!
ForhowcanonespeakwhenJasminceasestosing?”
ItisunnecessarytoreturntotheautobiographyandrepeattheconfessionsofJasmin’syouth。Hisjoysandsorrowsarealldescribedthere——hisbirthinthepoverty-strickendwellingintheRueFondeRache,hisloveforhisparents,hissportswithhisplayfellowsonthebanksoftheGaronne,hisblowingthehorninhisfather’sCharivaris,hisenjoymentofthetit-bitswhicholdBoebroughthomefromhisbegging-tours,thedecayoftheoldman,andhisconveyancetothehospital,”wherealltheJasminsdie;”thenhiseducationattheAcademy,histoyingwiththehouse-maid,hisstealingthepreserves,hisexpulsionfromtheseminary,andthesaleofhismother’swedding-ringtobuybreadforherfamily。
WhilecomposingthefirsttwocantosoftheSouvenirsheseemedhalfashamedofthehomelinessofthetalehehadundertakentorelate。Shouldhesoftenandbrightenit?Shouldhedressitupwithfalselightsandcolours?Fortherearetimeswhenfalsehoodinsilkandgoldareacceptable,andthenakednew-borntruthisunwelcome。Butherepudiatedthethought,andadded:-”Myself,norless,normore,I’lldrawforyou,Andifnotbright,thelikenessshallbetrue。”
Thethirdcantoofthepoemwascomposedatintervals。Ittookhimtwomoreyearstofinishit。Itcommenceswithhisapprenticeshiptothebarber;describeshisfirstvisittothetheatre,hisreadingofFlorian’sromancesandpoems,hissolitarymeditations,andthebirthandgrowthofhisimagination。Thenhefallsinlove,andaneweraopensinhislife。Hewritesversesandsingsthem。Heopensabarber’sshopofhisown,marries,andbringshisyoungbridehome。”Twoangels,”hesays,”tookuptheirabodewithme。”
Hisnewly-weddedwifewasone,andtheotherwashisrusticMuse——theangelofhomelypastoralpoetry:”Who,flutteringsoftlyfromonhigh,Raisedonhiswingandboremefar,Wherefieldsofbalmiestetherare;
There,intheshepherdlassie’sspeechIsangasong,orshapedarhyme;
TherelearnedIstrongerlovethanIcanteach。
Oh,mysticlessons!Happytime!
AndfondfarewellsIsaid,whenatthecloseofday,Silentsheledmyspiritbackwhenceitwasborneaway!”
Hethenspeaksofthehappinessofhisweddedlife;heshavesandsingsmostjoyfully。Alittlerivuletofsilverpassesintothebarber’sshop,and,inafitofpoeticardour,hebreaksintopiecesandburnsthewretchedarm-chairinwhichhisancestorswerebornetothehospitaltodie。Hiswifenolongertroubleshimwithherdoubtsastohisversesinterferingwithhisbusiness。Shesupplieshimwithpen,paper,ink,andacomfortabledesk;and,incourseoftime,hebuysthehouseinwhichhelives,andbecomesamanofimportanceinAgen。
Heendsthethirdcantowithasortofhurrah——”Thus,reader,haveItoldmytaleincantosthree:
ThoughstillIsing,Ihazardnogreatrisk;
ForshouldPegasusrearandflingme,itisclear,Howeverruffledallmyfanciesfair,Iwastemytime,’tistrue;thoughversesImaylose,Thepaperstillwillserveforcurlinghair。”[4]
RobertNicoll,theScotchpoet,saidofhisworks:”Ihavewrittenmyheartinmypoems;andrude,unfinished,andhastyastheyare,itcanbereadthere。”Jasminmighthaveusedthesamewords。”Withallmyfaults,”hesaid,”Idesiredtowritethetruth,andIhavedescribeditasIsawit。”
Inhis’Recollections’heshowedwithoutreservehiswholeheart。
Jasmindedicatedhis’Recollections,’whenfinished,toM。FlorimonddeSaint-Amand,oneofthefirstgentlemenwhorecognisedhispoeticaltalents。ThiswasunquestionablythefirstpoeminwhichJasminexhibitedthetruebentofhisgenius。HeavoidedentirelytheFrenchmodelswhichhehadbeforeendeavouredtoimitate;andhenowgavefullflighttotheartlessgaietyandhumourofhisGasconmuse。ItisunfortunatethatthepoemcannotbetranslatedintoEnglish。
ItwastranslatedintoFrench;buteveninthatkindredlanguageitlostmuchofitsbeautyandpathos。Themoreexquisitethepoetrythatiscontainedinonelanguage,themoredifficultythereisintranslatingitintoanother。
M。CharlesNodiersaidofLouTresdeMaythatitcontainspoeticthoughtsconveyedinexquisitewords;butitisimpossibletorenderitintoanylanguagebutitsown。InthecaseoftheCharivariheshrinksfromattemptingtotranslateit。
Thereisonepassagecontainingasuperbdescriptionoftherisingofthesuninwinter;buttwoofthelinesquitepuzzledhim。InGascontheyare”Quandl’Auroro,fourradoenraoubodesati,Desparrouillo,sanbrut,lasportosdelmati。’
SomeofthewordstranslatedintoFrenchmightseemvulgar,thoughinGascontheyarebeautiful。InEnglishtheymightberendered:”WhenAurora,enfurredinherrobeofsatin,Unbars,withoutnoise,thedoorsofthemorning。””Dreamifyoulike,”saysNodier,”oftheAuroraofwinter,andtellmeifHomercouldhavebetterrobeditinwords。TheAuroraofJasminisquitehisown;’unbarsthedoorsofthemorning’;
itisdonewithoutnoise,likeagoddess,patientandsilent,whoannouncesherselftomortalsonlybyherbrightnessoflight。Itisthisfinishedfelicityofexpressionwhichdistinguishesgreatwriters。Thevulgarcannotaccomplishit。”
AgainNodiersaysofthe’Recollections’:”Theyareaningenuousmarvelofgaiety,sensibility,andpassion!Iuse,”hesays,”thisexpressionofenthusiasm;andIregretthatIcannotbemorelavishinmypraises。Thereisalmostnothinginmodemliterature,andscarcelyanythinginancient,whichhasmovedmemoreprofoundlythantheSouvenirsofJasmin。
HappyandlovelychildrenofGuienneandLanguedoc,readandre-readtheSouvenirsofJasmin;theywillgiveyoupainfulrecollectionsofpublicschools,andperhapsgiveyouhopeofbetterthingstocome。Youwilllearnbyheartwhatyouwillneverforget。Youwillknowfromthispoetryallthatyououghttotreasure。”
Jasminaddedseveralotherpoemstohiscollectionbeforehissecondvolumeappearedin1835。AmongstthesewerehislinesonthePolishnation——AuxdebrisdelaNationPolonaise,andLesOiseauxVoyageurs,ouLesPolonaisenFrance——bothwritteninGascon。Saint-beuvethinksthelatteroneofJasmin’sbestworks。”Itisfullofpathos,”hesays,”andrisestothesublimethroughitsverysimplicity。Itisindeeddifficulttoexaggeratethepoeticinstinctandtheunaffectedartlessnessofthisamiablebard。Atthesametime,”hesaid,”Jasminstillwantedthefireofpassiontoreachthenoblestpoeticwork。
Yethehadtheartofstyle。IfAgenwasrenownedas’theeyeofGuienne,’JasminwascertainlythegreatestpoetwhohadeverwritteninthepurepatoisofAgen。”
Sainte-BeuvealsosaidofJasminthathewas”invariablysober。”
AndJasminsaidofhimself,”Ihavelearnedthatinmomentsofheatandemotionwearealleloquentandlaconic,alikeinspeechandaction——unconsciouspoetsinfact;andIhavealsolearnedthatitispossibleforamusetobecomeallthiswillingly,andbydintofpatienttoil。”
AnotherofhissupplementarypoemsconsistedofadialoguebetweenRamoun,asoldieroftheOldGuard,andMathiou,apeasant。Itisofapoliticalcast,andJasmindidnotshineinpolitics。Hewas,however,alwaysapatriot,whetherundertheEmpire,theMonarchy,ortheRepublic。HelovedFranceaboveallthings,whileheentertainedthewarmestaffectionforhisnativeprovince。IfJasminhadpublishedhisvolumeinclassicalFrenchhemighthavebeenlostamidstacrowdofrhymers;butashepublishedtheworkinhisnativedialect,hebecameforthwithdistinguishedinhisneighbourhood,andwaseverafterknownastheGasconpoet。
Nordidhelongremainunknownbeyondthedistrictinwhichhelived。Whenhissecondvolumeappearedin1835,withaprefacebyM。Baze,anadvocateoftheRoyalCourtofAgen,itcreatedconsiderableexcitement,notonlyatBordeauxandToulouse,butalsoatParis,thecentreoftheliterature,science,andfineartsofFrance。There,menofthehighestdistinctionwelcomedtheworkwithenthusiasm。
M。Baze,inhispreface,wasveryeulogistic。”Wehavethepleasure,”hesaid,”ofseeingunitedinonecollectionthesweetRomanictonguewhichtheSouthofFrancehasadopted,liketheprivilegedchildrenofherlovelyskyandvoluptuousclimate;andherlyricalsongs,whosemasculinevigourandenergeticsentimentshavemorethanonceexcitedpatriotictransportsandawakenedpopularenthusiasm。ForJasminisaboveallapoetofthepeople。Heisnotashamedofhisorigin。
Hewasborninthemidstofthem,andthoughapoet,stillbelongstothem。Forgeniusisofallstationsandranksoflife。HeisbutahairdresseratAgen,andmorethanthat,hewishestoremainso。Hisambitionistounitetherazortothepoet’spen。”